- لكن واضح ان هناك بعض الامور التي ربما دفعته للابداع مثل
- تعلم في المنزل ولم تقبله الجامعة
- يبدو ان امه واباه عاشا منفصلين واحد في ايطاليا وامه في لندن حيث لحق بها في سن الحادية والعشرين ليعلن عن اختراعه هناك.
- كادت امه ان تموت ليلة مولده.
- لم يكن ابن الأب الإيطالي مالك العقارات والأم الأيرلندية عالما تقليديا إذ لم يحصل على تعليم تقليدي وإنما تعلم داخل المنزل.
-عندما كان عمره 12 سنة فشل في امتحان قبول للأكاديمية البحرية الإيطالية.
- في سن السادسة عشر فشل في امتحان قبول لجامعة بولونيا في إيطاليا.
- بالإضافة لذلك فقد كان يقدم واجباته المنزلية غير كاملة أو خاطئة.
- ظروفه تجعله يتيم اجتماعي.
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قبل مائة عام اوضح مخترع إيطالي شاب الإمكانيات الضخمة للتلغراف اللاسلكي. وفي 18 يناير (كانون الثاني) 1903 أرسل جوجليلمو ماركوني أول رسالة لاسلكية ثنائية الاتجاه عبر المحيط الأطلسي. وحقق الاتصال التاريخي بين الرئيس الأميركي ثيودور روزفلت وملك بريطانيا إدوارد السابع جسرا لمسافة ثلاثة آلاف ميل فورا، بين كيب كود في ولاية ماساشوسيتس إلى محطة بولدو في كورنويل في بريطانيا.

وكان التلغراف الكهربائي موجودا منذ الثلاثينات من القرن التاسع عشر، ثم قام ألكسندر جراهام بيل باختراع الهاتف في 1876. ولكن التلغراف اعتمد على الأسلاك لتوصيل الإشارات الكهربائية، ومتى ما كان هناك حاجز مائي ضخم تطلب اجتيازه كوابل تحت الماء وتكلفة ضخمة.

He spent the first three years of his life near Bologne, then three years in England, after which the family went to live in Livorno, Italy.
From the time he was a small boy he was extraordinarily interested in physics. In Livorno he attended the first national Technical Institute. In 1892 his mother arranged for him to study physics under the supervision of a professor. Spurred on by the work of Benjamin Franklin, in about 1892 he designed and installed on his house a rooftop mechanism that set off a bell whenever there was an electrical storm nearby. This was the first example of the aerial-to-earth system that later became essential to radio-telegraphy.
After moving to Bologne he often visited the University physics laboratory and attended lectures, reinforcing his urge to experiment. At twenty, while on a summer holiday, he read a detailed description of Hertz’s experiments, inspiring his greatest work. He continued to improve upon others’ earlier designs of tubes between 1894 and 1895. His work was so original that on 7/07/1897 he was issued an Italian patent for "improvements in the transmission of impulses and of the relative apparatus." Marconi applied for patents in all the principal nations of the world.
Eager to develop and apply his work on a large scale, Marconi went to England, accompanied by his mother. Sir William Peece, Chief Engineer of the Post Office, made enthusiastic mention of Marconi’s experiments in a postal conference on 12/11/1896, thus clearing the way for experiments in Post Office laboratories. The first aerial transmissions were done between the Post Office building and the Savings Bank, a distance of some hundreds of meters. Soon after, the first demonstration of overseas radio transmission took place. This opened up the possibility of regular communications between land and sea.
Around 1897 Marconi had to enter military service. He arranged for a transfer to the navy, so he could be attached as a Marine to the Embassy to continue his work. Marconi was invited to go to Italy and repeat his experiments in the Gulf of Spezia, where he successfully transmitted across 18 kilometers between a ship and the island of Palmaria. He also gave demonstrations for the King and Queen and leading political men.
Marconi returned to London, where he formed the Wireless Telegraph and Signal Company on 7/20/1897 to capitalize on all Marconi’s patents (except those ceded to the Italian government for military use). This powerful organization changed its name to Marconi Wireless Telegraph Company in 1900 to more precisely credit the origin of the invention.
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Biography of Gugli[justify] [/justify][justify][/justify]

elmo Marconi
Marconi, Guglielmo (1874-1937). He was the originator of wireless telegraph signals and created means of overcoming many of the hurdles to the commercialization of wireless. He was the first to transmit signals across the ocean without use of cables. Marconi was born in the Italian countryside in somewhat modest circumstances. He had little formal education, though his mother tutored him, and he loved to read from his fathers library about experiments with electricity. Marconi audited courses at the University of Bologna, since he could not gain admittance to the university for credit, and studied under Augusto Righi, a scientist who had worked with electromagnetic waves.

Guglielmo Marconi

Born: 25-Apr-1874
Birthplace: Palazzo Marescalchi, Bologna, Italy
Died: 20-Jul-1937
Location of death: Rome, Italy

Cause of death: Heart Failure

Remains: Buried, Villa Falcone, Sasso Marconi, Italy

Italian physicist Guglielmo Marconi began his experiments when he was barely 20, building on Heinrich Hertz's discovery of radio waves (then called Hertzian waves) in 1888. He was rejected for admission to the University of Bologna, but was mentored by Professor Augusto Righi, a pioneer in electromagnetic waves at Bologna who allowed Marconi to audit classes and access the university's library. In 1895 Marconi transmitted recognizable electronic signals from his family home in Pontecchio to a vertical raised antenna more than a mile away.

Though it seems astounding in retrospect, Italian government officials were uninterested and unwilling to fund his work. Instead Marconi came to England, where his demonstration was greeted enthusiastically by Sir William Peece, Chief Engineer of the Post Office. With funding from Peece, Marconi received a patent for wireless telegraphy in 1896, and the next year he formed the Wireless Telegraph & Signal Company Limited (now Marconi Company Ltd.).

By 1899 his company was providing wireless service between Britain and France, broadcasting across the English Channel. In 1900 he invented a system of tuned multiplex telegraphy, allowing multiple broadcasts to be sent on distinct frequencies — technology which later became the foundation of 20th century broadcasting. In 1901 he sent signals across the Atlantic Ocean from Europe to Canada and back, proving that radio waves followed the curvature of the earth and establishing that trans-oceanic transmissions were feasible. Though Marconi did not mention it, a key component in his receiving equipment seems to have been appropriated from the work of Indian scientist J. C. Bose.

Marconi was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1909, sharing the honor with Ferdinand Braun, whose technical improvements greatly increased the range and effectiveness of Marconi's early transmitters. As radio transmission of telegraph messages and, later, spoken words became more common and popular, Marconi's several international companies made him a very wealthy man, but more and more of his time was consumed in legal battles, defending his patents against Lee De Forest and John Ambrose Fleming, among others. In 1919 US Navy officers expressed concerned that an Italian conglomerate was gaining a near-monopoly on worldwide communications, and offered General Electric a lucrative, legal monopoly on long-distance radio communication if it would form a new radio company and buy the assets of the Marconi Wireless Telegraph Company of America. This proposal led to formation of the Radio Corporation of America (RCA) and drove Marconi out of the American market.

Though his genius and contribution to the development of radio are inarguable, it is a misnomer to label Marconi "the inventor of radio". In 1866, a Washington DC dentist and electronics enthusiast named Mahlon Loomis had transmitted radio signals between two mountaintops 15 miles apart. In 1885 American physicist Amos Dolbear patented a wireless telegraphy system very similar to Marconi's, similar enough that Marconi had to purchase the patent to establish his American subsidiary.

Father: Giuseppe Marconi

Mother: Annie Jameson

Brother: Alfonso

Brother: Luigi (stepbrother)

Wife: Beatrice O'Brien (dau. of 14th Baron Inchiquin, m. 16-Mar-1905, annulled 20-Jul-1927, 1 son, 2 daughters)

Daughter: Degna (b. 11-Sep-1908)

Son: Giulio (b. 21-Jun-1910)

Wife: Maria Bezzi-Scali (m. 12-Jun-1927 until his death, one daughter)
Daughter: Elettra (b. 20-Jul-1930)
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