الموضوع
:
اعظم 100 كتاب في التاريخ: ما سر هذه العظمة؟- دراسة بحثية
عرض مشاركة واحدة
01-22-2013, 10:12 PM
المشاركة
392
ايوب صابر
مراقب عام سابقا
اوسمتي
مجموع الاوسمة
: 4
تاريخ الإنضمام :
Sep 2009
رقم العضوية :
7857
المشاركات:
12,768
Nikos Kazantzakis
(
Greek
:
Νίκος Καζαντζάκης
; February 18, 1883 – October 26, 1957) was a
Greek
writer and philosopher, celebrated for his novel
Zorba the Greek
, considered his magnum opus. He became known globally after the 1964 release of the
Michael Cacoyannis
film
Zorba the Greek
, based on the novel. He gained renewed fame with the 1988 Martin Scorsese
adaptation
of his book
The Last Temptation of Christ
.
Biography
When Kazantzakis was born in 1883 in
Heraklion
, Crete had not yet joined
the modern Greek state
, (which had been established in 1832) and was still under the rule of the
Ottoman Empire
. From 1902 Kazantzakis studied law at the
University of Athens
, then went to
Paris
in 1907 to study philosophy. Here he fell under the influence of
Henri Bergson
. His 1909 dissertation was titled "Friedrich Nietzsche on the Philosophy of Right and the State." Upon his return to Greece, he began translating works of philosophy. In 1914 he met
Angelos Sikelianos
. Together they travelled for two years in places where Greek Orthodox Christian culture flourished, largely influenced by the enthusiastic nationalism of Sikelianos.
Kazantzakis married Galatea Alexiou in 1911; they divorced in 1926. He married Eleni Samiou in 1945. Between 1922 and his death in 1957, he sojourned in Paris and
Berlin
(from 1922 to 1924),
Italy
,
Russia
(in 1925),
Spain
(in 1932), and then later in
Cyprus
,
Aegina
,
Egypt
,
Mount Sinai
,
Czechoslovakia
,
Nice
(he later bought a villa in nearby
Antibes
, in the Old Town section near the famed seawall),
China
, and
Japan
. While in Berlin, where the political situation was explosive, Kazantzakis discovered
communism
and became an admirer of
Vladimir Lenin
. He never became a consistent communist, but visited the Soviet Union and stayed with the
Left Opposition
politician and writer
Victor Serge
. He witnessed the rise of
Joseph Stalin
, and became disillusioned with Soviet-style communism. Around this time, his earlier nationalist beliefs were gradually replaced by a more universal ideology.
In 1945, he became the leader of a small party on the non-communist left, and entered the Greek government as Minister without Portfolio. He resigned this post the following year. In 1946, The Society of Greek Writers recommended that Kazantzakis and
Angelos Sikelianos
be awarded the
Nobel Prize for Literature
. In 1957, he lost the Prize to
Albert Camus
by one vote. Camus later said that Kazantzakis deserved the honour "a hundred times more" than himself. Late in 1957, even though suffering from leukemia, he set out on one last trip to China and Japan. Falling ill on his return flight, he was transferred to
Freiburg, Germany
, where he died. He is buried on the wall surrounding the city of
Heraklion
near the Chania Gate, because the
Orthodox Church
ruled out his being buried in a cemetery. His epitaph reads "I hope for nothing. I fear nothing. I am free." (Δεν ελπίζω τίποτα. Δε φοβούμαι τίποτα. Είμαι λεύτερος.)
The 50th anniversary of the death of Nikos Kazantzakis was selected as main motif for a high value euro collectors' coins; the €10 Greek
Nikos Kazantzakis commemorative coin
, minted in 2007. His image is shown in the obverse of the coin, while on the reverse the
National Emblem of Greece
with his signature is depicted.
رد مع الإقتباس