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اعظم 100 كتاب في التاريخ: ما سر هذه العظمة؟- دراسة بحثية
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01-14-2013, 01:25 PM
المشاركة
249
ايوب صابر
مراقب عام سابقا
اوسمتي
مجموع الاوسمة
: 4
تاريخ الإنضمام :
Sep 2009
رقم العضوية :
7857
المشاركات:
12,768
One Hundred Years of Solitude
by Gabriel Garcia Marquez, Colombia, (b. 1928)
One Hundred Years of Solitude
(Spanish:
Cien años de soledad
, 1967), by
Gabriel García Márquez
, is a
novel
that tells the multi-generational story of the Buendía family, whose
patriarch
, José Arcadio Buendía, founds the town of
Macondo
, the metaphoric
Colombia
. The non-linear story is narrated via different time frames, a technique derived from the Argentine writer
Jorge Luis Borges
(as in
The Garden of Forking Paths
)[
citation needed
].
The widely acclaimed book, considered by many to be the author's masterpiece, was first published in Spanish in 1967, and subsequently has been translated into thirty-seven languages and has sold more than 20 million copies.
[1]
[2]
The
magical realist
style and thematic substance of
One Hundred Years of Solitude
established it as an important, representative novel of the literary
Latin American Boom
of the 1960s and 1970s,
[3]
that was
stylistically
influenced by
Modernism
(European and North American), and the Cuban
Vanguardia
(Vanguard) literary movement.
Biography and publication
The Colombian writer
Gabriel García Márquez
was one of the four Latin American novelists first included in the literary
Latin American Boom
of the 1960s and 1970s; the other three writers were the Peruvian
Mario Vargas Llosa
, the Argentine
Julio Cortázar
, and the Mexican
Carlos Fuentes
.
One Hundred Years of Solitude
(1967) earned García Márquez international fame as a novelist of the
Magical Realism
movement within the literatures of Latin America.
[4]
As a metaphoric, critical interpretation of Colombian history, from foundation to contemporary nation,
One Hundred Years of Solitude
presents different national myths through the story of the Buendía Family,
[5]
whose spirit of adventure places them amidst the important actions of Colombian historical events — such as the nineteenth-century arguments for and against the
Liberal
political reformation of a
colonial
way of life; the arrival of the railway to a mountainous country; the
Thousand Days War
(Guerra de los Mil Días, 1899–1902); the corporate
hegemony
of the
United Fruit Company
("American Fruit Company" in the story); the
cinema
; the
automobile
; and the military massacre of striking workers as government–labour relations policy.
[6]
Plot
One Hundred Years of Solitude
(1967) is the story of seven generations of the Buendía Family in the town of
Macondo
. The founding
patriarch
of Macondo, José Arcadio Buendía, and Úrsula, his wife (and first cousin), leave
Riohacha
,
Colombia
, to find a better life and a new home. One night of their emigration journey, whilst camping on a riverbank, José Arcadio Buendía dreams of "Macondo", a city of mirrors that reflected the world in and about it. Upon awakening, he decides to found Macondo at the river side; after days of wandering the jungle, José Arcadio Buendía's founding of Macondo is
utopic
.
[1]
Founding patriarch José Arcadio Buendía believes Macondo to be surrounded by water, and from that island, he invents the world according to
his
perceptions.
[1]
Soon after its foundation, Macondo becomes a town frequented by unusual and extraordinary events that involve the generations of the Buendía family, who are unable or unwilling to escape their periodic (mostly) self-inflicted misfortunes. Ultimately, a hurricane destroys Macondo, the city of mirrors; just the cyclical turmoil inherent to Macondo. At the end of the story, a Buendía man deciphers an encrypted cipher that generations of Buendía family men had failed to decipher. The secret message informed the recipient of every fortune and misfortune lived by the Buendía Family generations.
[6]
==
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