الموضوع: اعظم 100 كتاب في التاريخ: ما سر هذه العظمة؟- دراسة بحثية
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قديم 01-07-2013, 12:51 PM
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افتراضي
Novelist Vladimir Nabokov was born into a wealthy, upper-class family in St. Petersburg. Financial security assured an idyllic upbringing -- foreign nannies taught him English and French, chauffeurs carried him to the best schools, butterflies flew into his net begging for the pin. His father, a politician in what passed for a parliament under the Tsars, was long able to shield his family in politically uncertain times. But with the proletarian revolution in 1917 and subsequent overthrow of the ancien régime, the Nabokov family fled Russia, heading first to the Crimea and thence to England. There Nabokov attended Cambridge University, studying French and Russian literature, and upon graduation relocated with his family to Berlin.
It was as a first-wave Russian emigrant in Weimar Germany that Nabokov began to make his name in letters. After giving up his unremarkable poetry, he soon found his niche as a composer of Russian prose. His novels were serialized in émigré journals; successes came with The Luzhin Defense (1930), about a chess prodigy slowly losing his mind, and exile postcard The Gift (1938). Also of note is Invitation to a Beheading (1938), an experimental prose poem about a prisoner facing execution. Dashed off during a four-week fugue, the story is a quasi-Gnostic parable about the strife of the soul in a heartless world, reflecting a disgust with looming totalitarianism that brings to mind Koestler and Orwell. Nabokov later claimed that his characters did not have any power in his novels and were instead his "galley slaves"[1], but Invitation's protagonist is somehow able to slip his chains. For all its strangeness, it is the most rewarding of his works in translation.
Nabokov's own European period was not without its tragedies. Soon after he finished at Cambridge, his father, an active émigré politician, was shot dead interrupting an assassination attempt. His brother Sergei was arrested by the Nazis; a homosexual, he died in a concentration camp. With the rise of the Third Reich, Nabokov once again fled, this time with his wife and young son in tow, to Paris briefly and then onward to the United States. There Nabokov taught literature, at Wellesley and later Cornell, and continued his parallel study of butterflies at Harvard. Throughout his life, Nabokov remained engrossed by the insects. He was a published scholar on the subject, classifying several new species, and making quiet contributions to a field distinct from his literary career. Much of his ethnographic research on American postwar culture was conducted on endless road trips and cross-country bug-hunting expeditions, and put to use in the travelogue portion of Lolita (1955).


- حصل في حياته انقلاب حاد حينما قامت الثورة الشيوعية علم 1917 حيث هرب مع عائلته الى المانيا وفقدت عائلته املاكها ومكانتها الاجتماعية وما لبث والده ان اغتيل وهو في سن 23 ثم اعتقل اخاه من قبل النازيين ومات في المعتقل. اضطر للهروب الى الولايات المتحدة.

مأزوم.