الموضوع
:
سر الفوز بجائزة نوبل في الادب على مدى التاريخ؟ دراسة
عرض مشاركة واحدة
10-28-2012, 09:33 PM
المشاركة
82
ايوب صابر
مراقب عام سابقا
اوسمتي
مجموع الاوسمة
: 4
تاريخ الإنضمام :
Sep 2009
رقم العضوية :
7857
المشاركات:
12,768
إلياس كانيتي
(
بالألمانية
: Elias Canetti) هو روائي وكاتب مسرحي وباحث ألماني عاش من
25 يوليو
1905
إلى
14 أغسطس
1994
. وحصل على
جائزة نوبل
للأداب سنة
1981
. كان مهتما بالأدب والسياسة وعلم الاجتماع والفلسفة والعلوم. لغة الكتابة كانت اللغة
الألمانية
.
حياته
ولد كانيتي في
25 يوليو
سنة
1905م
في مدينة
روستشوك
(Rustschuk)، حاليآ
روسه
(Ruse)، في
بلغاريا
،
ويتحدر من عائلة
إسبانية
يهودية
.
في سنة
1911م
رحل إلياس مع عائلته إلى
مانشيستر
في
بريطانيا
. بعد وفاة والده، رحلت والدته مع أولادها إلى
فيينا
ثم بعد ذالك إلى
زيورخ
في
سويسرا
.
في سنة
1921م
سافر إلياس بمفرده إلى
فرانكفورت
الألمانية
وحصل على الشهادة الثانوية، وبدأ في نفس السنة دراسة
الكيمياء
في
جامعة فيينا
. وفي سنة
1929م
أثم دراسته بنيله درجة الدكتوراه.
اشتغل إلياس كانيتي بعد ذالك كمترجم. وكتب بعد ذالك أول رواية له تحت عنوان
الإعدام حرقًا
سنة
1935م
. ثم الأعمال المسرحية
العرس
وكوميديا الأباطيل
.
في سنة
1934م
تزوج كانيتي
بفيزا توبر كلدون (فيزا كانيتي)
وغادر الزوجان
فيينا
ليستقرا في
لندن
ابتداء من سنة
1938م
.
شهرته كأديب
وفي سنة
1954م
زار كانيتي مدينة
مراكش
المغربية
، ثم ظهر كتابه
أصوات مراكش
لاحقًا سنة
1968م
. انشغل كانيتي لفترة طويلة بكتابة دراسة أنثربولوجية مطولة أسماها
الجماهير والسلطة
وظهرت ككتاب عام
1960م
. أضحت كتابات كانيتي بعد ذلك معروفة ولقيت إقبالاً من طرف القاريء الأوروبي.
كتب كانيتي سيرته الذاتية، مكونة من ثلاتة أجزاء، ظهر الجزء الأول منها سنة
1977م
والجزء الأخير سنة
1985م
.
وفاته
بعد وفاة زوجته
فيزا كانيتي
عاش كانيتي متنقلاً بين
لندن
وزوريخ
. وتوفي في
14 أغسطس
سنة
1994
في
زوريخ
بسويسرا
.
==
Elias Canetti
(
Bulgarian
: Елиас Канети; 25 July 1905 – 14 August 1994) was a Swiss modernist
novelist
, playwright, memoirist, and non-fiction writer. He wrote in
German
and won the
Nobel Prize in Literature
in 1981, "for writings marked by a broad outlook, a wealth of ideas and artistic power".
Life
Born to Jacques Canetti and Mathilde
née
Arditti in
Ruse
, a city on the
Danube
in
Bulgaria
, Elias Canetti was the eldest of three sons of a businessman. His ancestors were
Sephardi Jews
who had been expelled from
Spain
in 1492. His paternal ancestors had settled in Ruse from
Ottoman
Adrianople
.The original family name was
Cañete
, named after
a village in Spain
.
In Ruse, Elias' father and grandfather were successful merchants who operated out of a commercial building, which they had built in 1898. Canetti's mother descended from one of the oldest Sephardi families in Bulgaria, Arditti, who were among the founders of the Ruse Jewish colony in the late 18th century. The Ardittis can be traced back to the 14th century, when they were court physicians and astronomers to the
Aragonese
royal court of
Alfonso IV
and
Pedro IV
. Before settling in Ruse, they had lived in
Livorno
in the 17th century.
[3]
Canetti spent his childhood years, from 1905 to 1911, in Ruse until the family moved to Britain.
In 1912 his father died suddenly, and his mother moved with their children to first Lausanne, then
Vienna
in the same year.
They lived in Vienna from the time Canetti was aged seven onwards. His mother insisted that he spoke German, and taught it to him. By this time Canetti already spoke
Ladino
(his native language),
Bulgarian
,
English
and some
French
(he studied the latter two in the one year in Britain). Subsequently the family moved first (from 1916 to 1921) to
Zürich
and then (until 1924) to
Frankfurt
, where Canetti graduated from high school.
Canetti went back to Vienna in 1924 in order to study chemistry. However, his primary interests during his years in Vienna became philosophy and literature. Introduced into the literary circles of
first-republic
-
Vienna
, he started writing. Politically leaning towards the left, he was present at the
July Revolt of 1927
– he came near to the action accidentally, was most impressed by the burning of books (recalled frequently in his writings), and left the place quickly with his bicycle.[
citation needed
] He gained a degree in
chemistry
from the
University of Vienna
in 1929, but never worked as a chemist. In 1934 he married
Veza (Venetiana) Taubner-Calderon
(1897–1963) with whom he had a dynamic relationship. She acted as his muse and devoted literary assistant. Canetti however remained open to relationships with other women. (His brother Jacques settled in Paris, where he championed a revival of French chanson.
[4]
)
In 1938, after the
Anschluss
of Austria to Germany, Canetti moved to
London
where he became closely involved with the painter
Marie-Louise von Motesiczky
, who was to remain a close companion for many years to come. His name has also been linked with that of the author
Iris Murdoch
(see
John Bayley
's
Iris, A Memoir of Iris Murdoch,
where there are several references to an author, referred to as "the Dichter", who was a Nobel Laureate and whose works included
Die Blendung
[English title
Auto-da-Fé
]). Canetti's wife died in 1963. His second marriage was to Hera Buschor (1933–1988), with whom he had a daughter, Johanna, in 1972.
Despite being a German language writer, Canetti settled and stayed in Britain until the 1970s, receiving British citizenship in 1952. For his last 20 years, Canetti mostly lived in
Zürich
.
In 1981, Canetti won the Nobel Prize in Literature "for writings marked by a broad outlook, a wealth of ideas and artistic power". He is known chiefly for his celebrated tetralogy of autobiographical memoirs of his childhood and of pre-Anschluss
Vienna
(
Die Gerettete Zunge
;
Die Fackel im Ohr
;
Das Augenspiel
; and
Das Geheimherz der Uhr: Aufzeichnungen
), for his modernist novel
Auto-da-Fé
(
Die Blendung
), and for
Crowds and Power
,
a study of crowd behaviour as it manifests itself in human activities ranging from mob violence to religious congregations.
He died in Zürich
* يتبع الديانة اليهودية
يتيم الاب في سن الس 7
رد مع الإقتباس