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سر الفوز بجائزة نوبل في الادب على مدى التاريخ؟ دراسة
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10-22-2012, 11:45 AM
المشاركة
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ايوب صابر
مراقب عام سابقا
اوسمتي
مجموع الاوسمة
: 4
تاريخ الإنضمام :
Sep 2009
رقم العضوية :
7857
المشاركات:
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بار لاغركفيست
(
23 مايو
1891
-
11 يوليو
1974
)، أديب
سويدي
. حصل على
جائزة نوبل في الأدب
لسنة
1951
Pär Fabian Lagerkvist (23 May 1891 – 11 July 1974) was a
Swedish
author who was awarded the
Nobel Prize in Literature
in 1951.
Lagerkvist wrote
poems
,
plays
,
novels
, stories, and
essays
of considerable expressive power and influence from his early 20s to his late 70s. Among his central themes was the fundamental question of good and evil, which he examined through such figures as the man who was freed instead of Jesus,
Barabbas
, and the
wandering Jew
Ahasuerus. As a moralist, he used religious motifs and figures from the
Christian
tradition without following the doctrines of the
church
.
Biography and works
Lagerkvist was born in
Växjö
(
Småland
).
Lagerkvist received a traditional religious education - he would say, with little exaggeration, that he "had had the good fortune to grow up in a home where the only books known
were the Bible and the Book of Hymns
". In his teens he broke away from Christian beliefs, but unlike many other writers and thinkers in his generation he did not become vehemently critical of religious beliefs as such. Though he was politically a socialist for most of his life, he never indulged in the idea that "religion is the opium of the people". Much of his writing is informed by a lifelong interest in man and his symbols and gods and in the position of Man (both as individual and mankind) in a world where the Divine is no longer present, no longer speaking.
In his early years Lagerkvist supported modernist and aesthetically radical views, as shown by his manifesto
Ordkonst och bildkonst
(word art and picture art) (1913) and the plays
Den Svåra Stunden
("The Difficult Hour").
One of the author's earliest works is
Ångest
(
Anguish
, 1916),
a
violent
and disillusioned collection of poems.
His anguish was derived from his fear of death, the
World War
, and personal crisis.
He tried to explore how a person can find a meaningful life in a world where a war can kill millions for very little reason. "
Anguish, anguish is my heritage / the wound of my throat / the cry of my heart in the world
."
("Anguish", 1916.) "Love is nothing. Anguish is everything / the anguish of living." ("Love is nothing", 1916.) This pessimism, however, slowly faded, as testified by his subsequent works,
Det eviga leendet
(
The Eternal Smile
, 1920), the autobiographical novel
Gäst hos verkligheten
(
Guest of Reality
, 1925) and the prose monologue
Det besegrade livet
(
The defeated Life
, 1927), in which the faith in man is predominant. From
The Eternal Smile
on, his style largely abandoned the expressionist pathos and brusque effects of his early works and there was a strong striving for simplicity, classical precision and clean telling, sometimes appearing close to naivism. The content, however, was never truly naive. A Swedish critic remarked that "Lagerkvist and
John the Evangelist
are two masters at expressing profound things with a highly restricted choice of words".
Ten years after
Ångest
, Lagerkvist married for the second time, a union which was to provide a pillar of safety in his life until the death of his wife forty years later.
Hjärtats sånger
(
Songs of the Heart
) (1926) appeared at this time, bearing witness to his pride and love for his consort.. This collection is much less desperate in its tone than
Ångest
, and establlished him as one of the foremost Swedish poets of his generation.
His prose
novella
Bödeln
("The Hangman", 1933), later adapted for the stage, (
The Hangman
, 1933; play, 1934) shows his growing concern with the
totalitarianism
and brutality that began to sweep across
Europe
in the years prior to
World War II
.
Nazism
was one of the main butts of the work and
Der Stürmer
responded with a very dismissive review. Criticism against
Fascism
is also present in the play
Mannen utan själ
(
The Man Without a Soul
, 1936).
Lagerkvist's 1944 novel
Dvärgen
(
The Dwarf
), a searching, ironic tale about evil, was the first to bring him positive international attention outside of the Nordic countries. The work was followed in 1949 by the unusual, lyrical play
Låt människan leva
(
Let Man Live
).
Barabbas
(1950), which was immediately hailed as a masterpiece (by, among others, fellow Nobel laureate
André Gide
) is probably Lagerkvist's most famous work. The novel is based on a
Biblical
story.
Jesus
of
Nazareth
was sentenced to die by the Roman authorities immediately before the Jewish
Passover
, when it was customary for the Romans to release someone convicted of a capital offense. When the Roman procurator
Pontius Pilate
offers to free Jesus or Barabbas, a convicted thief and murderer, a Jerusalem mob demands the release of Barabbas, who spends the rest of his life trying to come to terms with why he was chosen to live.
The novel was filmed in 1962, with
Anthony Quinn
playing the title role.
Lagerkvist died in
Stockholm
.
==
Pär Lagerkvist was born on May 23, 1891, in Växjö, Småland, the youngest of seven children in a traditional and deeply religious family. His father, a railroad employee, refused to join his trade union because he believed that it contradicted God's established order. Despite his parents' devout beliefs and daily readings from the bible at home, Lagerkvist developed an alternative view of religion at a tender age, becoming in his own words, "a believer without faith, a religious atheist." He formed a group called "The Red Ring" with four friends and they discussed topics such as religion, anarchy, socialism, and evolutionism. Darwin's
Origin of Species
profoundly influenced the young group; Lagerkvist later wrote that it disturbed, "the very foundation of the transcendental view of the world."
اصغر ولد في عائلته من بين سبعة اطفال. والده موظف في السكك الحديدية . لا يعرف متى مات والديه لكنه عاش مأزوما كما تظهر كتاباته ، وسر ازمته يكمن في خوفه من الموت لاسباب شخصية وبسبب الحرب . عاش في بيئة دينية متزمة.
مأزوم.
رد مع الإقتباس