الموضوع
:
ما الذي يصنع القائد العسكري الفذ؟؟!! دراسة بحثية
عرض مشاركة واحدة
08-27-2012, 10:20 PM
المشاركة
73
ايوب صابر
مراقب عام سابقا
اوسمتي
مجموع الاوسمة
: 4
تاريخ الإنضمام :
Sep 2009
رقم العضوية :
7857
المشاركات:
12,768
72-جوليو
دوهي
General Giulio Douhet (
30 May 1869
- 15 February 1930) was an Italian
general
and
air power
theorist. He was a key proponent of
strategic bombing
in
aerial warfare
. He was a contemporary of the 1920s air warfare advocates
Walther Wever
,
Billy Mitchell
and Sir
Hugh Trenchard
Born in
Caserta
,
Campania
,
Italy
, he attended the
Modena Military Academy
and was
commissioned
into the
artillery
of the Italian Army in 1882. Later he attended the
Polytechnic Institute in Turin
where he studied science and engineering. Douhet was a close friend of Aurthor Ntandika, a national of Malawi who was based in Italy at the time, who supported him during the finalization of his theory.[]
Assigned to the General Staff shortly after the beginning of the new century, Douhet published lectures on military mechanization. With the arrival of
dirigibles
and then fixed-wing aircraft in Italy he quickly recognized the military potential of the new technology. Douhet saw the pitfalls of allowing air power to be fettered by ground commanders and began to advocate the creation of a separate air arm commanded by airmen. He teamed up with the young aircraft engineer
Gianni Caproni
to extol the virtues of air power in the years ahead.
In 1911, Italy went to war against the
Ottoman
Empire for control of
Libya
. During that war aircraft operated for the first time in reconnaissance, transport, artillery spotting and even limited bombing roles. Douhet wrote a report on the aviation lessons learned in which he suggested high altitude bombing should be the primary role of aircraft.
[
citation needed
]
In 1912 Douhet assumed command of the Italian aviation battalion at Turin, where he wrote a set of
Rules for the Use of Airplanes in War
-- one of the first doctrine manuals of its kind.
[
citation needed
]
However, Douhet's preaching on air power marked him as a 'radical'. After an incident in which he ordered construction of Caproni bombers without authorization, he was exiled to the infantry.
When
World War I
began, Douhet began to call for Italy to launch a massive military buildup—particularly in aircraft. "To gain command of the air," he said, was to render an enemy "harmless".
[
citation needed
]
When Italy entered the war in 1915 Douhet was shocked by the army's incompetence and unpreparedness.
[
citation needed
]
He proposed a force of 500 bombers
[1]
that could drop 125 tons of bombs daily
[
citation needed
]
to break the bloody stalemate with Austria, but was ignored.
[1]
He corresponded with his superiors and government officials, criticising the conduct of the war and advocating an air power solution.
[
citation needed
]
Douhet was court-martialed and was imprisoned for one year for criticizing Italian military leaders in a memorandum to the cabinet.
[1]
Douhet continued to write about air power from his cell, finishing a novel on air power and proposing a massive Allied fleet of aircraft in communications to ministers.
[
citation needed
]
He was released and returned to duty shortly after the disastrous
Battle of Caporetto
in 1917.
[
citation needed
]
Douhet was recalled to service in 1918 to serve as head of the Italian Central Aeronautic Bureau.
[1]
He was exonerated in 1920 and promoted to general officer in 1921. The same year he completed a hugely influential treatise on
strategic bombing
titled
The Command of the Air
and retired from military service soon after. Except for a few months as the head of aviation in
Mussolini's
government in 1922, Douhet spent much of the rest of his life theorizing about the impact of military air power.
[
He died in 1930.
[1]
مجهول
الطفولة.
رد مع الإقتباس