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08-26-2012, 10:08 PM
المشاركة
43
ايوب صابر
مراقب عام سابقا
اوسمتي
مجموع الاوسمة
: 4
تاريخ الإنضمام :
Sep 2009
رقم العضوية :
7857
المشاركات:
12,768
42-آلن فرانسيس بروك (آلانبروك
)
Field Marshal
Alan Francis Brooke, 1st Viscount Alanbrooke
,
KG
,
GCB
,
OM
,
GCVO
,
DSO
& Bar
(23 July 1883 – 17 June 1963), was a senior commander in the
British Army
. He was the
Chief of the Imperial General Staff
during the
Second World War
, and was promoted to
Field Marshal
in 1944. As chairman of the
Chiefs of Staff Committee
, Brooke was the foremost military advisor to
Prime Minister
Winston Churchill
, and in the role of co-ordinator of the British military efforts was an important but not always well-known contributor to the Allies' victory in 1945. After retiring from the army,
Field Marshal
Lord Alanbrooke (as he then was) served as
Lord High Constable of England
during the
Coronation
of
Queen Elizabeth II
in 1953. His war diaries attracted attention for their criticism of
Churchill
and for Brooke's forthright views on other leading figures of the war.
Alan Brooke was born in 1883 at
Bagnères-de-Bigorre
,
Hautes-Pyrénées
, to a prominent
Anglo-Irish
family from West
Ulster
with a long military tradition.
[15]
He was the seventh and youngest child of
Sir Victor Brooke, 3rd Baronet
, of Colebrooke,
Brookeborough
,
County Fermanagh
,
Ireland
, and the former Alice Bellingham, second daughter of
Sir Alan Bellingham, 3rd Baronet
, of Castle Bellingham in
County Louth
.
[16]
Brooke was educated in
Pau
,
France
, where he lived until the age of 16. Thanks to his upbringing in the country he became a fluent
French
speaker.
[17]
After graduation from the
Royal Military Academy at Woolwich
Brooke was, on 24 December 1902, commissioned into the
Royal Regiment of Artillery
as a
Second Lieutenant
.
[18]
During
World War I
he served with the
Royal Artillery
in France where he got a reputation as an outstanding planner of operations. At the
battle of the Somme
in 1916 he introduced the French "creeping barrage" system, thereby helping the protection of the advancing infantry from enemy machinegun fire.
[19]
Brooke ended the conflict as a
Lieutenant-Colonel
with two
DSOs
.
Between the wars he was a
lecturer
at the
Staff College, Camberley
and the
Imperial Defence College
, where Brooke knew most of those who became leading British commanders of the Second World War. From the mid 1930s Brooke held a number of important appointments: Inspector of Artillery, Director of Military Training and then GOC of the
Mobile Division
. In 1938, on promotion to lieutenant-general he took command of the Anti-Aircraft Corps (renamed
Anti-Aircraft Command
in April 1939) and built a strong relationship with Air Marshal
Hugh Dowding
, the AOC-in-C of Fighter Command which laid a vital basis of cooperation between the two arms during the
Battle of Britain
. In July 1939 Brooke moved to command
Southern Command
. By the outbreak of the Second World War Brooke was already seen as one of the army's foremost generals.
[20
]
والده :
Sir Victor Alexander Brooke, 3rd Baronet (5 January 1843 – 27
November 1891),
was an
Anglo-Irish
naturalist
and
baronet
. He was the father of
Field Marshal
Sir Alan Brooke, 1st Viscount Alanbrooke
, and grandfather of
Sir Basil Brooke, 1st Viscount Brookeborough
, third
Prime Minister of Northern Ireland
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