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97- فياتوتس
·
Vytautas
(c. 1350-1430), archduke of the
Lithuanian Grand Duchy
Vytautas (
Lithuanian
:
Vytautas Didysis
(
help
·
info
)
,
Belarusian
:
Вітаўт
,
Polish
:
Witold Kiejstutowicz
,
Rusyn
:
Vitovt
, Latin:
Alexander Vitoldus
, Italian:
Vito il Grande
); styled "the Great" from the 15th century onwards; c
. 1350 – October 27
, 1430) was one of the most famous rulers of
medieval Lithuania
. Vytautas was the ruler (1392–1430) of the
Grand Duchy of Lithuania
which chiefly encompassed the
Lithuanians
and
Ruthenians
. He was also the Prince of
Hrodna
(1370–1382) and the Prince of
Lutsk
(1387–1389), postulated king of
Hussites
.
In modern
Lithuania
, Vytautas is revered as a
national hero
and was an important figure in the
national rebirth
in the 19th century.
Vytautas
is a popular male given
name in Lithuania
. In commemoration of 500 years of Vytautas' death
Vytautas Magnus University
was named after him. Monuments in his honour were built in many towns in the independent
Republic of Lithuania
during the
interwar period, 1918–1939
.
===
Vytautas the Great, Lithuanian Vytautus Didysis, Polish Witold Wielki (born 1350, Lithuania—died Oct. 27, 1430, Trakai, Lith.), Lithuanian national leader who consolidated his country’s possessions, helped to build up a national consciousness, and broke the power of the
Teutonic Knights
. He exercised great power over
Poland
.
Vytautas was the son of
Kęstutis
, who for years had waged a struggle with his brother
Algirdas
for control of Lithuania.
The conflict between the two branches of the family continued into the next generation, as Vytautas vied with Algirdas’ son
Jogaila
.
Both Vytautas and his father
were captured by Jogaila in 1382 and Kęstutis was murdered while a prisoner
.
Vytautas, however, escaped and two years later was able to make peace with Jogaila, who returned to Vytautas the family lands seized earlier. In an effort to consolidate his position and widen his power, Jogaila married the 12-year-old Polish queen
Jadwiga
and was crowned king of
Poland
in Kraków on Feb. 15, 1386, as Władysław II Jagiełło.
Vytautas then waged an intermittent struggle for power with Jogaila and on occasion sought further assistance from the Teutonic Order. Vytautas’ popularity grew until his cousin was forced to adopt a conciliatory position. Jogaila offered to make Vytautas his vice regent over all of Lithuania. The offer was accepted, and in August 1392 a formal compact was signed. As time was to show, Vytautas by this act became supreme ruler of Lithuania in fact if not in law.
Vytautas began his rule by subduing and banishing rebellious and ineffective nobles and trying to conquer the Mongols in the east. His forces, however, were defeated by the Mongols in the
Battle of the Vorskla River
in present-day Russia on Aug. 12, 1399 (
see
Vorskla River, Battle of the
).
In this same period, union between Poland and Lithuania was proclaimed in a treaty concluded at
Vilnius
in January 1401. Under the terms of the treaty, the Lithuanian boyars promised that in the event of Vytautas’ death they would recognize Jogaila as
grand prince
of Lithuania, and the Polish nobility agreed that if Jogaila died they would not elect a new king without consulting Vytautas.
Vytautas and Jogaila then turned their attention westward, and there followed a series of wars with the
Teutonic Order
, which recognized Švitrigaila (Swidrygiełło), a brother of Jogaila, as grand prince of Lithuania. Vytautas was able to drive Svidrigaila out of the country, but the Teutonic Order was able to retain control of a portion of Lithuania.
Early in 1409 Vytautas concluded a treaty with Jogaila for a combined attack on the Order, and on June 24, 1410, the Polish-Lithuanian forces crossed the Prussian frontier. In the
Battle of Grunwald
(Tannenberg) on July 15, 1410, the Teutonic Knights suffered a blow from which they never recovered. German supremacy in the Baltic area was broken and Poland-Lithuania began to be regarded in the West as a great power.
In 1429 Vytautas revived his claim to the Lithuanian crown, and Jogaila reluctantly consented to his cousin’s coronation as king, but before the ceremony could take place Vytautas died
عاش حياة صراع على السلطة بين والده وعمه . امه ماتت بشكل غامض في نفس العام الذي قتل فيه اباه بعد ان تم حبسه من قبل اخاه كنتيجة لذلك الصراع.
مأزوم.
رد مع الإقتباس