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أعظم الناس:ما سر عظمتهم!!..وهل لليتم دور في العظمة؟
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02-13-2012, 04:32 PM
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5- الاسكندر الأول من جورجيا
ملك جورجيا
Alexander I of Georgia
(1386–1446), King of Georgia
Alexander I, “the Great” (
Georgian
:
ალექსანდრე
I
დიდი
,
Alexandre I Didi
) (1386 – between August 26, 1445 and March 7, 1446), of the
Bagrationi
house, was
king
of
Georgia
from 1412 to 1442. Despite his efforts to restore the country from the ruins left by the
Turco-Mongol
warlord
Timur Leng
’s
invasions
, Georgia never recovered and faced the inevitable fragmentation that was followed by a long period of stagnation. In 1442, he abdicated the throne and retired to a monastery.
Life
Alexander was the eldest son of
Constantine I of Georgia
and his wife Natia, daughter of the Georgian diplomat prince Kutsna
Amirejibi
.
He was brought up by his grandmother (Natia’s mother) Rusa (died 1413), an educated and religious noblewoman, who greatly influenced the future king’s preoccupations and his enthusiasm for religious building.
With his ascension to the throne (1412), Alexander moved to western Georgia and mediated a peace between his vassals, the rival princes of
Mingrelia
and
Abkhazia
. Then he, in 1414, met the rebellious prince
Atabeg
Ivane Jakeli of
Samtskhe
on battlefield and forced him into submission. Having dealt with these powerful feudal lords, he, aided by
Catholicos Patriarch Shio II
, began a program the restoration of major Georgian fortresses and churches. He imposed a temporary building tax on his subjects from 1425 to 1440, but despite the king’s efforts many towns and villages, once flourished, were left in ruin and overgrown by forest.
In 1431, he re-conquered
Lorri
, a Georgian marchland occupied by the
Kara Koyunlu
Turkoman tribesmen
of
Persia
who had frequently raided the southern Georgian marches from there and had even sacked
Akhaltsikhe
in 1416. Around 1434/5, Alexander encouraged the Armenian prince Beshken II
Orbelian
to attack the Kara Koyunlu clansmen in
Syunik
(Siunia) and, for his victory, granted him Lorri under terms of vassalage. In 1440, Alexander refused to pay tribute to
Jahan Shah
of the Kara Kouynlu. In March, Jahan Shah surged into Georgia with 20,000 troops, destroyed the city of
Samshvilde
and sacked the capital city
Tbilisi
. He massacred thousands of Christians, put heavy indemnity on Georgia, and returned to
Tabriz
.
In order to reduce the power of frequently rebellious aristocracy, he opposed them by appointing his sons – Vakhtang, Demetre, and George – as his co-rulers in
Kakheti
,
Imereti
and
Kartli
, respectively. This, however, proved to be even dangerous to the kingdom’s integrity and the fragile unity kept by Alexander would soon disappear under his sons. For this reason, Alexander the Great is frequently claimed to have disintegrated Georgia and said not to deserve his epithet "the Great" his people bestowed on him. This appellation dates almost from his own day, however, and as the modern Georgian historian
Ivane Javakhishvili
presumes, might have been related to the large-scale restoration projects launched by the king and his initial success in the struggle with the Turkmen nomads.
[3]
As worldly problems overwhelmed his kingdom, Alexander abdicated the throne in 1442 and retired to a monastery under the name of Athanasius.
Alexander I
ალექსანდრე I
King of Kings of Georgia
A fresco of the royal person from the Nabakhtevi monastery in Georgia. An inscription in the Georgian asomtavruli script identifies him as "Alexander, King of Kings".
King of Georgia
Reign
1412-1442
Predecessor
Constantine I
Successor
Vakhtang IV
Spouse
Dulandukht Orbelian
Tamar of Imereti
Issue
Vakhtang IV
George VIII
Patriarch David
Zaal
Bagrationi, Empress of Trebizond
Full name
Alexander I the Great
Athanasius (monastery name)
Dynasty
Bagrationi
Father
Constantine I of Georgia
Mother
Natia Amirejibi
Born
1386
Died
between August 26, 1445 and March 7, 1446
Burial
Svetitskhoveli Cathedral
,
Mtskheta
Religion
Georgian Orthodox Church
الاسكندر الأول ملك جورجيا العظيم
أهم أحداث طفولته:
ربما أن أهم معلومة عن طفولة هذا الملك العظيم هي انه تربى من قبل ولدى جدته لامه، وهو ما يشير إلى احتمال أن أمه قد ماتت وهو صغير خاصة انه لا يتوفر معلومات عن والدته وعلى الاقل انفصل عن عائلته وهو صغير جدا. أما والده فقد قتل في السجن بعد أن اسر في الحرب ضد الأتراك وكان عمر الاسنكدر حينها 25 سنة على ما يبدو وربما اقل.
على كل حال وحيث أن هناك إشارة واضحة بأنه تربى عند جدته لامه وبعيدا عن والديه، وتلك جدته ماتت عام 1413 بينما كان عمره 27 سنة فسوف نعتبره يتيم اجتماعي كونه عاش بعيدا عن والديه.
يتيم اجتماعي.
رد مع الإقتباس