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W. G. (Winfried Georg) Maximilian Sebald (18 May 1944, Wertach im Allgäu – 14 December 2001, Norfolk, England) was a German writer and academic.
ولد عام 1944 في المانيا وتوفي في بريطانيا عام 2001 وعمره 57 سنة
At the time of his death at the age of 57, he was being cited by many literary critics as one of the greatest living authors and had been tipped as a possible future winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature. In a 2007 interview, Horace Engdahl, former secretary of the Swedish Academy, mentioned Sebald, Ryszard Kapuściński and Jacques Derrida as three recently deceased writers who would have been worthy laureates.
Life

Sebald grew up in Wertach, Bavaria, one of four children of Rosa and Georg Sebald.
ولد في بافاريا واحد من اربعة اطفال لابوه جورج وامه روزا
From 1948 to 1963, he lived in Sonthofen.
من عام 1948 وحتى عام 1963 عاش في سنثوفين
His father joined the Reichswehr in 1929 and remained in the Wehrmacht under the Nazis.
انضم والده الى الجيش الالماني في عام 1929 وبقي في ظل النازيين
His father remained a detached figure, a prisoner of war until 1947; a grandfather was the most important male presence in his early years.
والده كان شخصية منعزلة وكان اسير حرب حتى عام 1947 وكان جده هو الشخصية الذكورية المهمة في طفولة الكاتب
Sebald was shown images of the Holocaust while at school in Oberstdorf and recalled that no one knew how to explain what they had just seen. The Holocaust and post-war Germany loom large in his work.
تأثر كثيرا بالمذابح الألمانية وظروف الحرب وما بعد الحرب العالمية الثانية
Sebald studied German literature at the University of Freiburg, where he received a degree in 1965.
درس الأدب الألماني في جامعة فريبيرج
He was a research student at the University of Manchester from 1966 to 1969.
سافر إلى انجلترا من عام 1966
He returned to Germany for a year hoping to work as a teacher but could not settle.
عاد إلى ألمانيا لمدة عما للعمل لكنه لم يتمكن من الاستمرار في العيش هناك فعاد إلى بريطانيا
In 1970 he became a lecturer at the University of East Anglia (UEA). He married Ute in 1967.
تزوج في عام 1967
In 1987 he was appointed to a chair of European literature at UEA. In 1989 he became the founding director of the British Centre for Literary Translation. He lived at Wymondham and Poringland while at UEA.
Sebald died in a car crash near Norwich in December 2001, losing control after suffering a heart attack.
مات عام 2001 في حادث سيارة بعد أن فقد السيطرة لإصابته بجلطة
He was driving with his daughter Anna, who survived the crash. He is buried in St. Andrew's churchyard in Framingham Earl, close to where he lived.
Work

Sebald's works are largely concerned with the theme of memory, both personal and collective. They are, in particular, attempts to reconcile himself with, and deal in literary terms with, the trauma of the Second World War and its effect on the German people.
معظم أعماله تعالج ما أصابه من جراح كنتيجة للحرب العالمية الثانية
In On the Natural History of Destruction (1997), he wrote a major essay on the wartime bombing of German cities and the absence in German writing of any real response. His concern with the Holocaust is expressed in several books delicately tracing his own biographical connections with Jews.
His distinctive and innovative novels were written in German but are well-known in English translations, principally by Anthea Bell and Michael Hulse, which he supervised closely. They include Austerlitz, The Rings of Saturn, The Emigrants and Vertigo. They are notable for their curious and wide-ranging mixture of fact (or apparent fact), recollection and fiction, often punctuated by indistinct black-and-white photographs set in evocative counterpoint to the narrative rather than illustrating it directly. His novels are presented as observations and recollections made while traveling around Europe. They also have a dry and mischievous sense of humour.
Sebald was also the author of three books of poetry: For Years Now with Tess Jaray (2001), After Nature (2002), and Unrecounted (2004).
Works

· 1988 After Nature. London: Hamish Hamilton. (Nach der Natur. Ein Elementargedicht) English ed. 2002
· 1990 Vertigo. London: Harvill. (Schwindel. Gefühle) English ed. 1999
· 1992 The Emigrants. London: Harvill. (Die Ausgewanderten. Vier lange Erzählungen) English ed. 1996
· 1995 The Rings of Saturn. London: Harvill. (Die Ringe des Saturn. Eine englische Wallfahrt) English ed. 1998
· 1999 On the Natural History of Destruction. London: Hamish Hamilton. (Luftkrieg und Literatur: Mit einem Essay zu Alfred Andersch) English ed. 2003
· 2001 Austerlitz. London: Hamish Hamilton. (Austerlitz)
· 2001 For Years Now. London: Short Books.
· 2003 Unrecounted London: Hamish Hamilton. (Unerzählt, 33 Texte) English ed. 2004
· 2003 Campo Santo. London: Hamish Hamilton. (Campo Santo, Prosa, Essays) English ed. 2005
Influences

The works of Jorge Luis Borges, especially "The Garden of Forking Paths" and "Tlön, Uqbar, Orbis Tertius", were a major influence on Sebald. (Tlön appears in The Rings of Saturn.)[5]