الموضوع: ما سر "الروعة" في افضل مائة رواية عالمية؟ دراسة بحثية
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قديم 12-24-2011, 12:01 AM
المشاركة 334
الصورة الرمزية ايوب صابر
ايوب صابر
مراقب عام سابقا

اوسمتي

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افتراضي
والان ما سر الروعة في رواية :

98 ـ أنوار الشمال، للمؤلف فيليب بولمان

. Northern Lights Philip Pullman -98 Lyra's quest weaves fantasy, horror and the play of ideas into a truly great contemporary children's book.



Northern Lights, known as The Golden Compass in North America, is the first novel in English novelist Philip Pullman's His Dark Materials trilogy. Published in 1995, the fantasy novel is set in a universe parallel to our own and tells of Lyra Belacqua's journey north in search of her missing friend, Roger Parslow, and her imprisoned father, Lord Asriel, who has been conducting experiments with a mysterious substance known as Dust. Winner of the Carnegie Medal in 1996, the novel has been adapted into a Hollywood feature film, released in 2007 as The Golden Compass along with an accompanying video game.
Title

The original title The Golden Compasses comes from a line in Milton'sParadise Lost,[1] where they denote God's circle-drawing instrument used to establish and set the bounds of all creation:
Then staid the fervid wheels, and in his hand
He took the golden compasses, prepared
In God's eternal store, to circumscribe
This universe, and all created things:
One foot he centered, and the other turned
Round through the vast profundity obscure
— Book 7, lines 224–229
For some time during pre-publication, the series of novels were known as The Golden Compasses. This is a reference to God's poetic delineation of the world, and not (as often believed) a reference to the navigational compass which the main character's "alethiometer" resembles
Pullman eventually settled on Northern Lights as the title for the first book, and The Golden Compasses as the name for the trilogy.
In the United States, in their discussions over the publication of the first book, the publishers Alfred A. Knopf had been calling it The Golden Compass (omitting the plural), which they mistakenly believed referred to Lyra's alethiometer, because the device superficially resembles a navigational compass. Meanwhile, in the UK, Pullman had replaced The Golden Compasses with His Dark Materials as the title of the trilogy. According to Pullman, the publishers had become so attached to The Golden Compass that they insisted on publishing the U.S. edition of the first book under that title, rather than as Northern Lights, the title used in the UK and Australia.[1]
Plot summary

The story takes place in a parallel universe to ours, controlled in part by the Magisterium, a body of the Church in that world which guards against heresy. Lyra Belacqua— an 11-year-old girl who has been allowed to run somewhat wild – awaits the arrival of her uncle and guardian at Jordan College, Oxford, the explorer Lord Asriel. Hiding in the forbidden 'Retiring Room', she and her dæmon, Pantalaimon (shortened to "Pan", an animal-formed, shape-shifting manifestation of her soul) see the college Master attempt to poison Lord Asriel's wine. She prevents him drinking, and Asriel, though angry at her trespass, allows her to stay hidden during the upcoming meeting where he presents his latest findings. He has identified mysterious particles ("Dust") descending from the Aurora Borealis (the 'Northern Lights' of the title) which appear to reveal another universe and to be strangely attracted to conscious life. He is awarded funds to develop a way to travel to these other worlds; the Magisterium seeks to end his research -forcefully- as heresy.
Her friend Roger is kidnapped by Gobblers, a recent urban legend, and Lyra vows to rescue him. Instead an important visitor, a woman named Mrs. Marisa Coulter offers to take Lyra away from Jordan College to become her assistant. As she leaves, she is entrusted secretly by the Master of the college with a priceless rare object known as an alethiometer, a "truth teller" which resembles a golden, many-handed pocket-watch that can answer any question asked by a skilled user. Although unable to read or understand its complex symbols, Lyra takes it with her.
Lyra discovers that Mrs. Coulter heads an organization known as the 'General Oblation Board' and that this board is in fact, the 'Gobblers' who have been kidnapping children. Horrified, Lyra flees and is rescued by the Gyptians (nomadic, canal-boat-dwelling people) who reveal that Lord Asriel and Mrs. Coulter are Lyra's father and mother. She also learns that many children have been disappearing and the Gyptians are planning an expedition to the north to rescue them. Lyra begins to intuitively learn how to operate the alethiometer.
On a stop in Trollesund, Lyra meets Iorek Byrnison, an outcastsapientprince of the armoured bears ("panserbjørn"). His armor, tricked from him by the villagers, is akin to his soul, and without it Iorek is bound in servitude to the village. Lyra uses her alethiometer to locate the armor, allowing Iorek to free himself. Both he and a travelling balloonist, Lee Scoresby, offer their support to Lyra. She also learns that Lord Asriel is held prisoner by the Panserbjørn. A local Witch-Consul states there is a prophecy about Lyra's destiny, which she must not know, and it is also learned that witch-clans are choosing their allegiances in an upcoming war.
The Gyptians and Lyra continue north to Bolvangar, where they believe the Gobblers keep the children. Lyra stops at a village on the way and guided by the alethiometer, finds a boy who had been severed from his dæmon. Lyra realizes that the Gobblers are attempting to sever the bond between human and dæmon (the process being called "intercision"), a horrific action in that world, and the boy dies. She is captured by bounty hunters and taken to Bolvangar, where she locates Roger and devises an escape plan. Mrs. Coulter arrives, evidently supervising the facility, and Lyra is caught spying by staff. The staff decide to silence her using the same process; she is rescued by Mrs. Coulter who is shocked to see her as an intercision subject. Mrs. Coulter tries to take the alethiometer from her but the container contains an insect-like device that renders her unconscious. Lyra escapes, leads the other children from the facility, and is rescued by Lee Scoresby, Iorek, the Gyptians, and their allies, the witch-clan of Serafina Pekkala.
Lyra is determined to deliver the alethiometer to Lord Asriel, believing that he needs it for his purposes. She tricks the usurping bear-king Iofur Raknison into fighting Iorek Byrnison, by claiming that she was Iorek's dæmon, and that if Iofur killed Iorek, then she would become Iofur's dæmon – something no bear has and Iofur wants. Iorek is victorious and regains his throne. Lyra - nicknamed "Lyra Silvertongue" by Iorek as a token of her ability - travels onward to Lord Asriel’s cabin, accompanied by Iorek and Roger.
Despite being imprisoned, Lord Asriel has become so influential that he has accumulated the necessary equipment to continue his experiments on Dust. He explains to Lyra what he knows of Dust, the Church's view that it is deeply sinful, his belief that Dust is somehow related to the source of all death and misery, the existence of parallel universes, and his goal - to visit the other universes, find the source of death and misery, and destroy it, bringing the end of "centuries of darkness", which the Church fears "with good reason". As Lyra sleeps, he departs, taking Roger and much scientific equipment. Lyra pursues them, having discovered that she has indeed brought her father what he wanted, though not in the way she thought. It was not the alethiometer he needed, but Roger: the severing of the child's dæmon will releases an "enormous" amount of energy, which Lord Asriel needs to complete his task. Roger dies when Lord Asriel separates him from his dæmon, and Lord Asriel is able to tear a hole through the sky into a parallel universe. Lord Asriel offers to bring Mrs. Coulter, who had come by means of her zeppelin, with him, but she declines. Lord Asriel walks through into the new universe alone. Devastated at her part in rescuing Roger only to bring him to his death, Pan and Lyra follow.
This concludes the first novel, with the trilogy continuing in the next book, The Subtle Knife.