all votes add books to this list
1

The Orphan Factory (The Orphan Trilogy, #2)
by James Morcan
4.3 of 5 stars 4.30 avg rating — 79 ratings
score: 893, and 9 people voted

2 The Ninth Orphan (The Orphan Trilogy, #1)
by James Morcan
3.7 of 5 stars 3.70 avg rating — 262 ratings
score: 794, and 8 people voted
3

The Orphan Uprising (The Orphan Trilogy, #3)
by James Morcan
4.45 of 5 stars 4.45 avg rating — 49 ratings
score: 787, and 8 people voted
4

The Orphan Trilogy
by James Morcan
4.72 of 5 stars 4.72 avg rating — 36 ratings
score: 778, and 8 people voted
5

Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone (Harry Potter, #1)
by J.K. Rowling
4.36 of 5 stars 4.36 avg rating — 1,943,799 ratings
score: 684, and 7 people voted
6

Anne of Green Gables
by L.M. Montgomery
4.2 of 5 stars 4.20 avg rating — 289,546 ratings
score: 592, and 6 people voted
7

The Secret Garden
by Frances Hodgson Burnett
4.09 of 5 stars 4.09 avg rating — 352,055 ratings
score: 573, and 6 people voted
8

Jane Eyre
by Charlotte Brontë
4.06 of 5 stars 4.06 avg rating — 696,099 ratings
score: 551, and 6 people voted
9

The Witch of Blackbird Pond
by Elizabeth George Speare
3.9 of 5 stars 3.90 avg rating — 64,524 ratings
score: 385, and 4 people voted
10

Heidi
by Johanna Spyri
3.92 of 5 stars 3.92 avg rating — 89,703 ratings
score: 360, and 4 people voted

11 Emily of New Moon (Emily of New Moon, #1)
by L.M. Montgomery
4.09 of 5 stars 4.09 avg rating — 19,146 ratings
score: 292, and 3 people voted

Pippi Longstocking 12
by Astrid Lindgren
4.08 of 5 stars 4.08 avg rating — 66,566 ratings
score: 278, and 3 people voted

Ella Enchanted 13
by Gail Carson Levine (Goodreads Author)
3.95 of 5 stars 3.95 avg rating — 181,583 ratings
score: 274, and 3 people voted

A Little Princess 14
by Frances Hodgson Burnett
4.18 of 5 stars 4.18 avg rating — 105,481 ratings
score: 253, and 3 people voted

15 Pictures of Hollis Woods
by Patricia Reilly Giff
3.96 of 5 stars 3.96 avg rating — 13,835 ratings
score: 193, and 2 people voted

A Brief History of Montmaray (The Montmaray Journals, #1) 16
by Michelle Cooper
3.65 of 5 stars 3.65 avg rating — 2,003 ratings
score: 191, and 2 people voted

17 I, Coriander
by Sally Gardner
3.79 of 5 stars 3.79 avg rating — 3,337 ratings
score: 188, and 2 people voted

The Boxcar Children (The Boxcar Children, #1)18
by Gertrude Chandler Warner
4.03 of 5 stars 4.03 avg rating — 42,822 ratings
score: 183, and 2 people voted

19 Akin to Anne: Tales of Other Orphans
by L.M. Montgomery
3.61 of 5 stars 3.61 avg rating — 1,101 ratings
score: 176, and 2 people voted

Gathering Blue (The Giver, #2) 20
by Lois Lowry
3.78 of 5 stars 3.78 avg rating — 48,961 ratings
score: 169, and 2 people voted

The Mysterious Benedict Society (The Mysterious Benedict Society, #1)
by Trenton Lee Stewart (Goodreads Author)
4.08 of 5 stars 4.08 avg rating — 39,502 ratings
score: 169, and 2 people voted

Harry Potter Boxed Set (Harry Potter, #1-6)
by J.K. Rowling
4.7 of 5 stars 4.70 avg rating — 15,437 ratings
score: 167, and 2 people voted

Bambi
by Felix Salten
4.08 of 5 stars 4.08 avg rating — 15,185 ratings
score: 100, and 1 person voted

Natasha's Story
by Michael Nicholson
3.72 of 5 stars 3.72 avg rating — 25 ratings
score: 100, and 1 person voted

Finding Verity
by Faith Friese Nelson (Goodreads Author)
4.6 of 5 stars 4.60 avg rating — 5 ratings
score: 100, and 1 person voted

Villette
by Charlotte Brontë
3.71 of 5 stars 3.71 avg rating — 23,788 ratings
score: 100, and 1 person voted

Butterfly (Forgotten Children, #1)
by Kyra Gregory (Goodreads Author)
4.0 of 5 stars 4.00 avg rating — 4 ratings
score: 100, and 1 person voted

Hannah (Daughters of the Sea, #1)
by Kathryn Lasky
3.53 of 5 stars 3.53 avg rating — 1,470 ratings
score: 100, and 1 person voted

Fiona Thorn and the Carapacem Spell
by Jen Barton (Goodreads Author)
4.33 of 5 stars 4.33 avg rating — 15 ratings
score: 100, and 1 person voted

Peter and the Starcatchers (Peter and the Starcatchers, #1)
by Dave Barry
3.99 of 5 stars 3.99 avg rating — 29,753 ratings
score: 99, and 1 person voted

Chameleon (Forgotten Children, #2)
by Kyra Gregory (Goodreads Author)
4.0 of 5 stars 4.00 avg rating — 2 ratings
score: 99, and 1 person voted

Black Mamba Boy
by Nadifa Mohamed
3.59 of 5 stars 3.59 avg rating — 367 ratings
score: 99, and 1 person voted

A Murder for Her Majesty
by Beth Hilgartner
4.16 of 5 stars 4.16 avg rating — 872 ratings
score: 98, and 1 person voted

The Bad Beginning (A Series of Unfortunate Events, #1)
by Lemony Snicket
3.8 of 5 stars 3.80 avg rating — 157,856 ratings
score: 98, and 1 person voted

The Wolves of Willoughby Chase (The Wolves Chronicles, #1)
by Joan Aiken
4.08 of 5 stars 4.08 avg rating — 6,869 ratings
score: 96, and 1 person voted

Wither (The Chemical Garden, #1)
by Lauren DeStefano (Goodreads Author)
3.87 of 5 stars 3.87 avg rating — 46,594 ratings
score: 94, and 1 person voted

Milkweed
by Jerry Spinelli
3.98 of 5 stars 3.98 avg rating — 10,238 ratings
score: 93, and 1 person voted

The Red Queen's Daughter
by Jacqueline Kolosov
3.51 of 5 stars 3.51 avg rating — 975 ratings
score: 93, and 1 person voted

Homecoming (Tillerman Cycle, #1)
by Cynthia Voigt
3.89 of 5 stars 3.89 avg rating — 10,784 ratings
score: 91, and 1 person voted

Eight Cousins
by Louisa May Alcott
4.01 of 5 stars 4.01 avg rating — 17,112 ratings
score: 86, and 1 person voted

41

Little Men (Little Women #3)
by Louisa May Alcott
3.75 of 5 stars 3.75 avg rating — 20,998 ratings
score: 85, and 1 person voted

42

Ballet Shoes (Shoes, #1)
by Noel Streatfeild
4.05 of 5 stars 4.05 avg rating — 14,705 ratings
score: 84, and 1 person voted

43

Understood Betsy
by Dorothy Canfield Fisher
4.1 of 5 stars 4.10 avg rating — 3,654 ratings
score: 83, and 1 person voted

44

Dave At Night
by Gail Carson Levine (Goodreads Author)
3.64 of 5 stars 3.64 avg rating — 2,014 ratings
score: 81, and 1 person voted

45

Maniac Magee
by Jerry Spinelli
3.84 of 5 stars 3.84 avg rating — 61,301 ratings
score: 80, and 1 person voted

46

Theater Shoes (Shoes, #4)
by Noel Streatfeild
4.0 of 5 stars 4.00 avg rating — 1,858 ratings
score: 77, and 1 person voted

47

After the War
by Carol Matas
3.81 of 5 stars 3.81 avg rating — 349 ratings
score: 76, and 1 person voted

48

Peter and the Secret of Rundoon (Peter and the Starcatchers, #3)
by Dave Barry
4.15 of 5 stars 4.15 avg rating — 10,503 ratings
score: 73, and 1 person voted

49

Great Expectations
by Charles Dickens
3.67 of 5 stars 3.67 avg rating — 246,954 ratings
score: 70, and 1 person voted

49 books · 24 voters · list created January 17th, 2012 by Lydia(votes) .
Tags: best-books, orphans

مصنع الايتام

The Orphan Factory (The Orphan Trilogy #2)
by James Morcan, Lance Morcan

The Orphan Factory (The Orphan Trilogy, #2) 4.3 of 5 stars 4.30 · rating details · 80 ratings · 21 reviews

An epic, atmospheric story that begins with twenty three genetically superior orphans being groomed to become elite spies in Chicago’s Pedemont Orphanage and concludes with a political assassination deep in the Amazon jungle.

The Orphan Factory, a coming-of-age spy thriller novel, is book two in The Orphan Trilogy and a prequel to The Ninth Orphan. Go on another frenetic jo...more An epic, atmospheric story that begins with twenty three genetically superior orphans being groomed to become elite spies in Chicago’s Pedemont Orphanage and concludes with a political assassination deep in the Amazon jungle.

The Orphan Factory, a coming-of-age spy thriller novel, is book two in The Orphan Trilogy and a prequel to The Ninth Orphan. Go on another frenetic journey with the ninth-born orphan as he busts out of the clandestine orphanage he knew as home and goes on the run across America.

In the late 1970’s, in Chicago, Illinois, the secretive Omega Agency initiates the Pedemont Project – a radical experiment utilizing genetic engineering technologies – to create twenty three orphan babies with the plan to turn them into the world’s most effective assassins.

One of the prodigies will rebel: meet Number Nine, an orphan with a mind of his own.

In 1998, when Nine reaches adulthood and graduates with honors from the Pedemont Orphanage, he is already an adept of the deadly espionage arts. Ordered by his Omega masters to assassinate a survivor of the Jonestown tragedy in Guyana’s Amazon rainforest, Nine is forced to draw upon all of his advanced training just to stay alive.

Written by father-and-son writing team Lance & James Morcan (authors of The Ninth Orphan and Fiji: A Novel), The Orphan Factory is the second book in The Orphan Trilogy. The third and final book in the series, a sequel titled The Orphan Uprising, will be published by Sterling Gate Books in 2013. A feature film adaptation of The Ninth Orphan is also currently being developed
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I found that I could put the book down several times before it started to pick up the action in the second half of the book. That's when things picks up. The early chapters focused on the early day of the Pedemont Project, a project that birthed 23 orphans with superior genes. The project trains these young kids into lean, mean fighting assassins for the sole use by The Omega Agency. The Agency plans to use the assassins to force worldwide outcomes favorable to them. I would have liked to see the early chapters condensed and have the book focus more on the 18-year-old orphans instead. This would still give readers the background on Nine while keeping the action and suspense moving forward. The chapters involving Nine's early assignments were definitely exciting. Fans of the NINTH ORPHAN will certainly find the ORPHAN FACTORY an enjoyable read that answers the questions the first book left hanging.
==
المولف
James Morcan

New Zealand-born actor/writer/producer James Morcan resides in Sydney, Australia. His novels include the spy thriller series The Orphan Trilogy (The Ninth Orphan, The Orphan Factory, The Orphan Uprising) and the historical adventure Fiji: A Novel. All four novels were co-written with his father Lance Morcan and published by Sterling Gate Books. Their production company, Morcan Motion Pictures, is developing The Ninth Orphan and Fiji into feature films.
His most recent acting performances were leading roles in the OZ-Bollywood productions My Cornerstone and Love You Krishna. Morcan also wrote the screenplays for both feature films which were shot in Australia and India and incorporated English and Hindi.
Other productions he has perfromed in include a BBC TV series, several indie features and a live stadium production of Ben Hur headlined by Academy Award winner Russell Crowe. To date, his feature films have screened at cinemas in Australia, Italy and Cannes
==
Lance Morcan
New Zealand novelist, screenwriter and film producer Lance Morcan is a prolific writer with various published books and released movies to his credit. His books include the historical adventure Fiji: A Novel and the spy thriller series The Orphan Trilogy (The Ninth Orphan, The Orphan Factory, The Orphan Uprising).
All four novels were co-written with his son James Morcan and published by Sterling Gate Books.
Their production company, Morcan Motion Pictures, is developing The Ninth Orphan and Fiji into feature films.
A former journalist and newspaper editor, Lance divides his time these days between novel writing, film producing and screenwriting. Numerous screenplays he has written are in active development as movies and as a producer his feature films have screened at cinemas in Australia, Italy and Cannes.
Lance is currently perfecting his solo-written 'New Zealand' - an epic adventure novel covering 500 years of South Pacific and Polynesian history. Including research, writing (and life's distractions!), this novel has been over a decade in the making

The Ninth Orphan (The Orphan Trilogy #1)

by James Morcan, Lance Morcan

How do you catch a man who is never the same man twice?

That is the question posed in The Ninth Orphan, a top-rated international thriller novel and the first book in The Orphan Trilogy.

An orphan grows up to become an assassin for a highly secretive organization. When he tries to break free and live a normal life, he is hunted by his mentor and father figure, and by a female orphan he spent his childhood with. On the run, the mysterious man's life becomes entwined with his beautiful French-African hostage and a shocking past riddled with the darkest of conspiracies is revealed.

But can the ninth-born orphan ever get off the grid? To find out you'll need to go on a tumultuous journey around the globe to such far-flung locations as China, France, the Philippines, Andorra, America, England, Germany and French Polynesia. The frenetic cat-and-mouse chase moves from airports to train stations and hidden torture prisons, taking the reader on a shocking, nail-biting ride into the world's closet of skeletons that goes beyond conspiracy theories to painful reality.

Fast-paced, totally fresh and original, filled with deep and complex characters, The Ninth Orphan is a controversial, high-octane thriller with an edge. Merging fact with fiction, it illuminates shadow organizations rumored to actually exist in our world. The novel explores a plethora of conspiracies involving real organizations like the CIA, MI6, and the UN, and public figures such as President Obama as well as the Clinton, Marcos and Bush families.

Tackling genetic selection, mind control and secret societies, The Ninth Orphan exposes a global agenda designed to keep the power in the hands of a select few. The novel's antagonists are members of a shadow government acting above and beyond the likes of the White House, the FBI, the Pentagon and the NSA. Could something like this ever take place? Or, is it already taking place right now?

This unique and unpredictable thriller also has a poignant, romantic sub-plot. The story contains the kind of intimate character portraits usually associated with psychological novels.

Buckle up for a wild trip full of death-defying action, cloak and dagger intrigue, unexpected role reversals and surprise endings.

Written by father-and-son writing team Lance & James Morcan (authors of The Orphan Factory, The Orphan Uprising and Fiji: A Novel), The Ninth Orphan is Book #1 in The Orphan Trilogy. A feature film adaptation of The Ninth Orphan is also currently being developed

رواية انتفاضة الايتام وهي الرواية الثالثة من الثلاثية لنفس المؤلفان الاب وابنه والمشروح عن حياتهما اعلاه.

The Orphan Uprising (The Orphan Trilogy #3)
by James Morcan, Lance Morcan

The Orphan Uprising (The Orphan Trilogy, #3) 4.46 of 5 stars 4.46 In this explosive conclusion to The Orphan Trilogy, the ninth-born orphan’s dramatic story resumes five years after book one, The Ninth Orphan, ends.

Having eluded his former masters at the Omega Agency and escaped his past life as an operative, Nine has married his soul mate, Isabelle. They’ve carved out a new life for themselves, off the grid, in the remote islands of French Polynesia.

The contented couple have a five-year-old son, Francis, who is a chip off the old block and who has inherited his father’s unique DNA. Francis will soon have a sister as Isabelle is about to give birth to a baby girl.

Their idyllic lifestyle is shattered when Francis is abducted by operatives in the employ of the Omega Agency, the shadowy organization that brought Nine into the world and once controlled every aspect of his life. The terrified boy with the unique DNA is dispatched to one of Omega’s underground medical laboratories for scientific testing and experimentation.

Nine is desperate to find Francis before Omega can harm him. He soon finds he’s up against his fellow orphans – all elite operatives as he once was – who are under orders to kill him on sight. To overcome them, he must call on all his former training and skills. His search takes him around the world – from Tahiti to America, Germany, Greenland and the Congo.

To add to Nine’s worries, he has a serious heart condition that requires immediate surgery. The clock is ticking and he knows he’s on borrowed time. It’s a race against the clock to find his son before Omega can harm the boy – and before his heart gives out.

Written by father-and-son writing team Lance & James Morcan (authors of The Ninth Orphan, The Orphan Factory and Fiji: A Novel), The Orphan Uprising is the third book in The Orphan Trilogy. A feature film adaptation of The Ninth Orphan is currently being developed

Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone (Harry Potter #1)
by J.K. Rowling, Mary GrandPré (Illustrator)

Harry Potter has never played a sport while flying on a broomstick. He's never worn a Cloak of Invisibility, befriended a giant, or helped hatch a dragon. All Harry knows is a miserable life with the Dursleys, his horrible aunt and uncle, and their abominable son, Dudley. Harry's room is a tiny cupboard under the stairs, and he hasn't had a birthday party in ten years.

But all that is about to change when a mysterious letter arrives by owl messenger: a letter with an invitation to a wonderful place he never dreamed existed. There he finds not only friends, aerial sports, and magic around every corner, but a great destiny that's been waiting for him... if Harry can survive the encounter

============
J. K. Rowling

Although she writes under the pen name J. K. Rowling, pronounced like rolling,her name when her first Harry Potter book was published was simply Joanne Rowling. Anticipating that the target audience of young boys might not want to read a book written by a woman, her publishers demanded that she use two initials, rather than her full name. As she had no middle name, she chose K as the second initial of her pen name, from her paternal grandmother Kathleen Ada Bulgen Rowling. She calls herself Jo and has said, "No one ever called me 'Joanne' when I was young, unless they were angry." Following her marriage, she has sometimes used the name Joanne Murray when conducting personal business. During the Leveson Inquiry she gave evidence under the na...more Although she writes under the pen name J. K. Rowling, pronounced like rolling,her name when her first Harry Potter book was published was simply Joanne Rowling. Anticipating that the target audience of young boys might not want to read a book written by a woman, her publishers demanded that she use two initials, rather than her full name. As she had no middle name, she chose K as the second initial of her pen name, from her paternal grandmother Kathleen Ada Bulgen Rowling. She calls herself Jo and has said, "No one ever called me 'Joanne' when I was young, unless they were angry." Following her marriage, she has sometimes used the name Joanne Murray when conducting personal business. During the Leveson Inquiry she gave evidence under the name of Joanne Kathleen Rowling. In a 2012 interview, Rowling noted that she no longer cared that people pronounced her name incorrectly.

Rowling was born to Peter James Rowling, a Rolls-Royce aircraft engineer, and Anne Rowling (née Volant), on 31 July 1965 in Yate, Gloucestershire, England, 10 miles (16 km) northeast of Bristol. Her mother Anne was half-French and half-Scottish. Her parents first met on a train departing from King's Cross Station bound for Arbroath in 1964. They married on 14 March 1965. Her mother's maternal grandfather, Dugald Campbell, was born in Lamlash on the Isle of Arran. Her mother's paternal grandfather, Louis Volant, was awarded the Croix de Guerre for exceptional bravery in defending the village of Courcelles-le-Comte during the First World War.

Rowling's sister Dianne was born at their home when Rowling was 23 months old. The family moved to the nearby village Winterbourne when Rowling was four. She attended St Michael's Primary School, a school founded by abolitionist William Wilberforce and education reformer Hannah More. Her headmaster at St Michael's, Alfred Dunn, has been suggested as the inspiration for the Harry Potter headmaster Albus Dumbledore.

As a child, Rowling often wrote fantasy stories, which she would usually then read to her sister. She recalls that: "I can still remember me telling her a story in which she fell down a rabbit hole and was fed strawberries by the rabbit family inside it. Certainly the first story I ever wrote down (when I was five or six) was about a rabbit called Rabbit. He got the measles and was visited by his friends, including a giant bee called Miss Bee." At the age of nine, Rowling moved to Church Cottage in the Gloucestershire village of Tutshill, close to Chepstow, Wales. When she was a young teenager, her great aunt, who Rowling said "taught classics and approved of a thirst for knowledge, even of a questionable kind," gave her a very old copy of Jessica Mitford's autobiography, Hons and Rebels. Mitford became Rowling's heroine, and Rowling subsequently read all of her books.

Rowling has said of her teenage years, in an interview with The New Yorker, "I wasn’t particularly happy. I think it’s a dreadful time of life." She had a difficult homelife; her mother was ill and she had a difficult relationship with her father (she is no longer on speaking terms with him). She attended secondary school at Wyedean School and College, where her mother had worked as a technician in the science department. Rowling said of her adolescence, "Hermione [a bookish, know-it-all Harry Potter character] is loosely based on me. She's a caricature of me when I was eleven, which I'm not particularly proud of." Steve Eddy, who taught Rowling English when she first arrived, remembers her as "not exceptional" but "one of a group of girls who were bright, and quite good at English." Sean Harris, her best friend in the Upper Sixth owned a turquoise Ford Anglia, which she says inspired the one in her books

Anne of Green Gables (Anne of Green Gables #1)
by L.M. Montgomery, Mary Rubio (Afterword), Elizabeth Waterston .2

reviews
"She'll have to go back." Matthew and Marilla Cuthbert had decided to adopt an orphan. They wanted a nice sturdy boy to help Matthew with the farm chores. The orphanage sent a girl instead - a mischievous, talkative redhead who the Cuthberts thought would be no use at all. But as soon as Anne arrived at the snug, white farmhouse called Green Gables, she knew she wanted to stay forever. And the longer Anne stayed, the harder it was for anyone to imagine Green Gables without her

Anne of Green Gables (1908) is a bestselling novel by Canadian author Lucy Maud Montgomery. Written as fiction for readers of all ages, since the mid-twentieth century, the literary classic has been considered a children's novel. It recounts the adventures of Anne Shirley, a young orphan girl sent to a middle-aged brother and sister who have a farm on Prince Edward Island, and who had intended to adopt a boy to help them. The novel recounts how Anne makes her way with the Cuthberts, in school and the town.

Since publication, Anne of Green Gables has sold more than 50 million copies, and has been translated into 20 languages.[4] Numerous sequels were written by Montgomery, and since her death, another sequel has been published, as well as an authorized prequel. The original book is taught to students around the world.

It has been adapted as films, made for television movies, and animated and live-action television series. Plays and musicals have also been created, with productions annually in Canada since 1964 of the first musical production, which has toured in Canada, the United States, Europe and Japan. Others have been produced in Canada and the United States.
In writing the novel, Montgomery was inspired by notes she had made as a young girl, about a couple who were mistakenly sent an orphan girl instead of the boy they had requested, yet decided to keep her. She drew upon her own childhood experiences in rural Prince Edward Island. Montgomery used a photograph of Evelyn Nesbit, which she had clipped from New York’s Metropolitan Magazine and put on the wall of her bedroom, as the model for the face of Anne Shirley, the book's main character.[5]

Montgomery also was inspired by the "formula Ann" orphan stories which were popular at the time and distinguished her character by her insistence on spelling her name as "Anne." She based other characters such as Gilbert Blythe, in part on people she knew. She said she wrote the novel in the twilight of the day, while sitting at her window and overlooking the fields of Cavendish.[6][page*needed]

Plot summary

Anne, a young orphan from the fictional community of Bolingbroke, Nova Scotia (based upon the real community of New London), is sent to Prince Edward Island after a childhood spent in strangers' homes and orphanages. Marilla and Matthew Cuthbert, siblings in their fifties and sixties, had decided to adopt a boy from the orphanage to help Matthew run their farm. They live at Green Gables, their Avonlea farmhouse on Prince Edward Island. Through a misunderstanding, the orphanage sends Anne Shirley.

Anne is described as bright and quick, eager to please, talkative, and extremely imaginative. She has a pale face with freckles, and usually braids her red hair. When asked her name, Anne tells Marilla to call her Cordelia, which Marilla refuses; Anne then insists that if she is to be called Anne, it must be spelled with an e, as that spelling is "so much more distinguished." Marilla at first says the girl must return to the orphanage, but after a few days, she decides to let her stay. Marilla feels that she could be a good influence on the girl, and had also overheard that another disagreeable woman in town might take Anne in instead.

As a child of imagination, Anne takes much joy in life, and adapts quickly, thriving in the close-knit farming village. Her talkativeness initially drives the prim, duty-driven Marilla to distraction, although shy Matthew falls for her charm immediately. Anne says that they are 'kindred spirits'.

The book recounts Anne's adventures in making a home: the country school, where she quickly excels in her studies; her friendship with Diana Barry (her best or "bosom friend" as Anne fondly calls her); her budding literary ambitions; and her rivalry with classmate Gilbert Blythe, who teases her about her red hair. For that he earned her instant hatred, although he apologizes many times. As time passes, Anne realizes she no longer hates Gilbert, but cannot bring herself to admit it. However, by the end of the book, they finally become friends.

The book also follows Anne's adventures in quiet, old-fashioned Avonlea. Episodes include her play time with friends (Diana, Jane Andrews and Ruby Gillis), her run-ins with the unpleasant Pye sisters (Gertie and Josie), and domestic mishaps such as dyeing her hair green (while intending to dye it black) or accidentally getting Diana drunk (by giving her what she thinks is raspberry cordial but is currant wine).

At sixteen, Anne goes to Queen's Academy to earn a teaching license, along with Gilbert, Ruby, Josie, Jane and several other students. She obtains her license in one year instead of the usual two, and wins the Avery Scholarship for the top student in English. Her attainment of this scholarship would allow her to pursue a Bachelor of Arts (B.A.) degree at the fictional Redmond College (based on the real Dalhousie University) on the mainland in Nova Scotia.

Near the end of the book, Matthew dies of a heart attack after learning that all of his and Marilla's money has been lost in a bank failure. Out of devotion to Marilla and Green Gables, Anne gives up the Avery Scholarship to stay at home and help Marilla, whose eyesight is diminishing. She plans to teach at the Carmody school, the nearest school available, and return to Green Gables on weekends. In an act of friendship, Gilbert Blythe gives up his teaching position at the Avonlea School to work at White Sands School instead. Anne can teach in Avonlea and stay at Green Gables all through the week. After this kind act, Anne and Gilbert's friendship is cemented, and Anne looks forward to the next "bend in the road."

Characters

Anne Shirley—An imaginative, talkative, red-headed orphan who comes to live with unmarried siblings Matthew and Marilla Cuthbert.

Marilla Cuthbert—Matthew's sister, she is an austere woman who tries to subdue Anne's imaginative, unusual ways. Though she is conservative in her rules, she does love Anne and has the glimmerings of a sense of humour and a hidden soft side.

Matthew Cuthbert—Marilla's brother, a shy, awkward man who takes a liking to Anne from the start. The two become fast friends. He is a good listener. Because Marilla has primary responsibility for rearing the girl, he feels no qualms about "spoiling" her and indulging her in pretty clothes and other frivolities.

Diana Barry—Anne's bosom friend and kindred spirit. Anne and Diana become best friends from the moment they meet. She is the only girl of Anne's age who lives close to Green Gables. Anne admires Diana for being pretty and for her amiable disposition. Diana lacks Anne's powerful imagination but is a loyal friend.

Gilbert Blythe—A handsome classmate who tried to get Anne's attention by pulling her hair and calling her "Carrots" (unaware of her sensitivity about her red hair). Anne reacted by refusing to have anything to do with him for the next few years. Although Gilbert repeatedly apologized, Anne rebuffed him for years. However, Gilbert never abandoned his quest for her friendship (and eventually, love). Anne finally forgave him at the end of the book, when he gave up his job as teacher at the Avonlea school for her, to enable her to live at Green Gables with Marilla.

Mrs. Rachel Lynde—A neighbour of Matthew and Marilla, and the nosiest person in town. She soon warms to the freckle-faced orphan. She is industrious and helpful, and does work for the church. She is married and has raised ten children, but her husband, Thomas Lynde, is mentioned briefly and never speaks.

Miss Muriel Stacy—Anne's energetic new teacher. Her warm and sympathetic nature appeals to her students, but Avonlea's conservative parents disapprove of her liberal teaching methods. She forms a special relationship with Anne, who views her as a mentor. Miss Stacy encourages Anne to develop her character and intellect, and helps prepare her for the entrance exam at Queen's College, where she comes joint first with Gilbert Blythe.

Josie Pye—A classmate generally disliked by the other girls (as are her siblings). Josie is vain, dishonest and jealous of Anne's popularity.

Jane Andrews—One of Anne's friends from school, she is plain and sensible. She does well enough academically to join Anne's class at Queen's.

Ruby Gillis—Another of Anne's friends. Having several "grown up" sisters, Ruby loves to share her knowledge of beaus with her friends. Ruby is portrayed as traditionally beautiful with long, golden hair, she suffers from hysteria.

Reverend and Mrs. Allan—The minister and his wife also befriend Anne, with Mrs. Allan becomes particularly close. She is described as pretty.

Minnie May Barry—Diana's baby sister, whose life is saved by Anne when she comes down with croup.

Mr. & Mrs. Barry—Diana's parents. Mr. Barry farms, and, near the end of the book, offers to rent some tracts to help out Anne and Marilla Cuthbert. Mrs. Barry has a severe personality, expecting her children to follow strict rules. After Anne accidentally gets Diana drunk, Mrs. Barry rejects the girl until she saves Minnie May.

Miss Josephine Barry—Diana's aunt. Initially portrayed with negative aspects, she is charmed by Anne's imagination, and eventually invites her to tea.

Mr. Phillips—Anne's first teacher at Avonlea, whom she despises (he spelled Anne's name without an 'E', among other things). She refuses to attend school for a long time, after Mr. Phillips punished only her among 12 pupils who arrived late. He is described as lacking discipline and courts one of his pupils (less frowned upon then than in contemporary times).

Tuesday, January 19, 2010

Lucy Maud Montgomery (1873 - 1942)


Lucy Maud Montgomery MacDonald (1874-1942) is one of Canada's best known and most enduring authors. Her family always called her “Maud”.

She was born on November 30, 1874, in Clifton, Prince Edward Island. Her father, Hugh Montgomery, was a former sea captain who later became a merchant. Her mother was Clara Macneill Montgomery born of a large and prominent family in Prince Edward Island. Clara died when Maud was two years old. Stricken by grief, and unable to care for his toddler daughter, her father sent Maud to live with her strict and elderly maternal grandparents at their isolated farmhouse in Cavendish, Prince Edward Island.

Young Maud was a lonely child, perceptive, creative, and a little out of her element living with her Presbyterian grandparents. She lost herself in books and loved to read Dickens, Scott, Byron, and Longfellow. She wrote stories and poems in her leisure from a very early age. Maud loved to spend time with her cousins and school chums.



In 1890, after her father remarried, he invited her father to live with him and his new family in Prince Albert, Saskatchewan, where she experience life in the Canadian prairies.

But things weren’t easy and she had difficulty getting along with her stepmother who expected her to work as an unpaid maid and nanny and was often prevented from attending school. Her busy father turned a blind eye to the domestic problems.

During these difficult years, Maud found solace in many new friendships. In November of 1890, one of her poems was published in the Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Daily Patriot.

Lucy returned to Prince Edward Island in August 1891 where she prepared for a teaching career by attending the Prince of Wales College. After graduation, she taught in rural schools for three years. Unfortunately she found the work challenging and not as satisfying as she thought it would be. While she taught, she managed to write for several hours each day.* By the mid-1890s she had several more stories and poems published for money.

Smart, sassy, ambitious, and wilful, Maud was every bit a girl of her times. She loved beautiful clothes and was proud of her feminine figure. Like any pretty girl of a young age, she enjoyed the admiration of men.



Maud believed in the sanctity of marriage and she looked forward to one day marrying and having children of her own. She wanted an educated husband with a romantic nature.

In 1897 she fell in love and was betrothed to a handsome young man, but she soon became disillusioned with him. During this engagement, she became involved with another young man, less suitable, but whom she believed she loved, even though she knew she could never marry him. As a result, several months later, she found herself single again and a little disillusioned with love.

When her grandfather died in 1898, she went to live and care for her aging grandmother in Cavendish. During the next 13 years, although her life there was restricted, she wrote more stories and poems which provided her with a comfortable income.



In 1907 Maud's previously rejected first novel was accepted by a publisher. Anne of Green Gables, the appealing story of an imaginative, irrepressible, red-headed orphan girl who was adopted by two elderly Prince Edward Islanders was published by the L.C. Page Company of Boston in 1908. Eight more Anne books followed.





After her grandmother died in March 1911, she married Ewan MacDonald, an attractive, amiable, conscientious Presbyterian minister to whom she had been secretly engaged for five years. The lovers honeymooned in the British Isles then returned to Canada.

Maud struggled with her new role as a minister's wife which involved endless rounds of meetings, sewing bees, Sunday school classes, choir practice, and visits. But she performed these duties with herself temperamentally unsuited to them, Maud, with her keen sense of duty, performed them without complaint.

In 1912 she gave birth to her first son, Chester and in 1915, a second son named Stuart. Throughout the early years of motherhood, she continued to write even though she felt strained and exhausted.

World War I was a source of great concern to Maud. Afterwards, she endured even more hardships. In January 1919 her cousin and closest friend, Frederica Campbell, died. Later tha same year her husband suffered an attack of what was termed "religious melancholia," a depression and feeling of hopelessness and certainty of eternal damnation. Worried that her children might inherit a smiliar mental illness, she sought medical help in Toronto and in Boston, but with little success.

Soon Ewan recovered, but he continued to suffer attacks of depression at irregular and random intervals for the rest of his life. Maud fretted continually over his health and experienced a great deal of anxiety. It didn’t help matters that she soon became engaged in a series of bitter, expensive, and difficult lawsuits with her publisher L.C. Page. The lawsuits dragged on until 1929 when Maud finally won.

In 1926 the family moved to Norval, Ontario, where Ewan became the minister of a smaller and friendlier congregation. Maud created a new, highly autobiographical heroine, Emily of New Moon. These books proved to almost as popular as her Anne books.



Maud became the first Canadian woman to be named a fellow of the Royal Society of Arts in England. In August 1927 she was invited to meet the visiting Prince of Wales (the future Edward VIII) and the British prime minister, Stanley Baldwin.

By the 1930s Maud wrote several new books. She was invested with the Order of the British Empire in 1935. A year later, the Canadian government created a national park on Prince Edward Island in and around Cavendish because of the fame of her books and the interest that had drawn to the area.

Her husband’s health began to fail. In 1935, he suffered a complete breakdown and was institutionalized. Although he slowly got better, overwhelmed by stress, Maud broke down too.

In 1935 Ewan retired, and they moved to Toronto, where their sons attended college.

Both Maud and her husband suffered further breakdowns in 1937, from which they both recovered. In the spring of 1939 Maud wrote that she felt better than she had in years.

This feeling of well-being was not to last, however. At the outbreak of World War II she fell into another depression. Her husband’s declined, and, after a bad fall in 1940, Maud became very ill. Her condition worsened in 1941, and she died on April 24, 1942.



It was reported that she died of congestive heart failure in Toronto. But her granddaughter, Kate Macdonald Butler, revealed the truth about Maud’s depression, likely as a result of caring for her mentally ill husband for decades. It was speculated that Maud actually died of a drug overdose. The note that was found with her at her death was either a suicide note or a journal entry. The truth will never be known.

Lucy M. Montgomery's suicide note:

"This copy is unfinished and never will be. It is in a terrible state because I made it when I had begun to suffer my terrible breakdown of 1940. It must end here. If any publishers wish to publish extracts from it under the terms of my will they must stop here. The tenth volume can never be copied and must not be made public during my lifetime. Parts of it are too terrible and would hurt people. I have lost my mind by spells and I do not dare think what I may do in those spells. May God forgive me and I hope everyone else will forgive me even if they cannot understand. My position is too awful to endure and nobody realizes it. What an end to a life in which I tried seeing Maud's beautiful grave site.

The Secret Garden
by Frances Hodgson Burnett, Graham Rust (Illustrator)

Mistress Mary is quite contrary until she helps her garden grow. Along the way, she manages to cure her sickly cousin Colin, who is every bit as imperious as she. These two are sullen little peas in a pod, closed up in a gloomy old manor on the Yorkshire moors of England, until a locked-up garden captures their imaginations and puts the blush of a wild rose in their cheeks; "It was the sweetest, most mysterious-looking place any one could imagine. The high walls which shut it in were covered with the leafless stems of roses which were so thick, that they matted together.... 'No wonder it is still,' Mary whispered. 'I am the first person who has spoken here for ten years.'" As new life sprouts from the earth, Mary and Colin's sour natures begin to sweeten. For anyone who has ever felt afraid to live and love, The Secret Garden's portrayal of reawakening spirits will thrill and rejuvenate. Frances Hodgson Burnett creates characters so strong and distinct, young readers continue to identify with them even 85 years after they were conceived. (Ages 9 to 12)(less)
Hardcover, 224 pages

Frances Eliza Hodgson Burnett (24 November 1849 – 29 October 1924) was an English-American playwright and author. She is best known for her children's stories, in particular Little Lord Fauntleroy (published in 1885-6), A Little Princess (1905), and The Secret Garden (1911).
Frances Eliza Hodgson was born in Cheetham, near Manchester, England. After her father died in 1852, the family eventually fell on straitened circumstances and in 1865 emigrated to the United States, settling near Knoxville, Tennessee. There, Frances began writing to help earn money for the family, publishing stories in magazines from the age of 19. In 1870 her mother died and in 1872 she married Swan Burnett, who became a medical doctor after which they lived in Paris for two years where their two sons were born before returning to the US to live in Washington D.C. There she began to write novels, the first of which (That Lass o' Lowries), was published to good reviews. Little Lord Fauntleroy was published in 1886 and made her a popular writer of children's fiction, although her romantic adult novels written in the 1890s were also popular. She wrote and helped to produce stage versions of Little Lord Fauntleroy and A Little Princess.
Burnett enjoyed socializing and lived a lavish lifestyle. Beginning in the 1880s, she began to travel to England frequently and bought a home there in the 1890s where she wrote The Secret Garden. Her oldest son, Lionel, died of tuberculosis in 1892, which caused a relapse of the depression she struggled with for much of her life. She divorced Swan Burnett in 1898 and married Stephen Townsend in 1900, and divorced him in 1902. Towards the end of her life she settled in Long Island, where she died in 1924 and is buried in Roslyn Cemetery, on Long Island.
In 1936 a memorial sculpture by Bessie Potter Vonnoh was erected in her honour in Central Park's Conservatory Garden. The statue depicts her two famous Secret Garden characters, Mary and Dickon.]

Childhood in Manchester[edit source]
Frances Eliza Hodgson was born at 141 York Street, Cheetham, Manchester, Lancashire, England, the third of five children of Edwin Hodgson, an ironmonger from Doncaster in Yorkshire, and his wife Eliza Boond, from a well-to-do Manchester family. Hodgson owned a business in Deansgate, selling quality ironmongery and brass goods. The family lived comfortably, employing a maid and a nurse-maid.[1] Frances was the middle of the five Hodgson children, with two older brothers and two younger sisters.[2]
In 1852 the family moved to a more spacious home with greater access to outdoor space.[3] Barely a year later, with his wife pregnant for a fifth time, Hodgson died of a stroke, leaving the family without income. Frances was cared for by her grandmother while her mother took over running the family business. From her grandmother, who bought her books, Frances learned to love reading, in particular her first book The Flower Book which had coloured illustrations and poems. Because of their reduced income, Eliza had to give up their house and moved with her children to Seedley Grove, near Pendleton; there they lived with relatives in a home that included a large enclosed garden, in which Frances enjoyed playing.[4]
For a year Frances went to a small school run by two women, where she first saw a book about fairies. When her mother moved the family to Salford, Frances mourned the lack of flowers and gardens. Their home was located in Islington Square, adjacent to an area with severe overcrowding and poverty, that "defied description", as described by Friedrich Engels who lived in Manchester at the time.[5]
Frances had an active imagination, writing stories she made up in old notebooks. One of her favorite books was Harriet Beecher Stowe's novel Uncle Tom's Cabin, and she spent many hours acting out scenes from that book.[6] Frances and her siblings were sent to be educated at The Select Seminary for Young Ladies and Gentleman, where she was described as "precocious" and "romantic".[7] She had an active social life and enjoyed telling stories to her friends and cousins; in her mother she found a good audience, although her brothers had a tendency to tease her about her stories.[8] Frances continued her education at the Select Seminary until she was aged fifteen.
Manchester was almost entirely dependent on a cotton economy which was ruined by the American Civil War.[9] In 1863 Eliza Hodgson was forced to sell their business and move the family once again to an even smaller home; at that time Frances' limited education came to an end. Eliza's brother asked the family to join him in America in Knoxville to where he had emigrated and now had a thriving dry goods store. Within the year Eliza decided to accept his offer and move the family from Manchester.[10] She sold their possessions and told Frances to burn her early writings in the fire.[9] In 1865, when Frances was sixteen, the family emigrated to the US, settling near Knoxville, Tennessee.

Frances Eliza Hodgson Burnett (24 November 1849 – 29 October 1924) was an English-American playwright and author. She is best known for her children's stories, in particular Little Lord Fauntleroy (published in 1885-6), A Little Princess (1905), and The Secret Garden (1911).
Frances Eliza Hodgson was born in Cheetham, near Manchester, England. After her father died in 1852, the family eventually fell on straitened circumstances and in 1865 emigrated to the United States, settling near Knoxville, Tennessee. There, Frances began writing to help earn money for the family, publishing stories in magazines from the age of 19. In 1870 her mother died and in 1872 she married Swan Burnett, who became a medical doctor after which they lived in Paris for two years where their two sons were born before returning to the US to live in Washington D.C. There she began to write novels, the first of which (That Lass o' Lowries), was published to good reviews. Little Lord Fauntleroy was published in 1886 and made her a popular writer of children's fiction, although her romantic adult novels written in the 1890s were also popular. She wrote and helped to produce stage versions of Little Lord Fauntleroy and A Little Princess.
Burnett enjoyed socializing and lived a lavish lifestyle. Beginning in the 1880s, she began to travel to England frequently and bought a home there in the 1890s where she wrote The Secret Garden. Her oldest son, Lionel, died of tuberculosis in 1892, which caused a relapse of the depression she struggled with for much of her life. She divorced Swan Burnett in 1898 and married Stephen Townsend in 1900, and divorced him in 1902. Towards the end of her life she settled in Long Island, where she died in 1924 and is buried in Roslyn Cemetery, on Long Island.
In 1936 a memorial sculpture by Bessie Potter Vonnoh was erected in her honour in Central Park's Conservatory Garden. The statue depicts her two famous Secret Garden characters, Mary and Dickon.]

Childhood in Manchester[edit source]
Frances Eliza Hodgson was born at 141 York Street, Cheetham, Manchester, Lancashire, England, the third of five children of Edwin Hodgson, an ironmonger from Doncaster in Yorkshire, and his wife Eliza Boond, from a well-to-do Manchester family. Hodgson owned a business in Deansgate, selling quality ironmongery and brass goods. The family lived comfortably, employing a maid and a nurse-maid.[1] Frances was the middle of the five Hodgson children, with two older brothers and two younger sisters.[2]
In 1852 the family moved to a more spacious home with greater access to outdoor space.[3] Barely a year later, with his wife pregnant for a fifth time, Hodgson died of a stroke, leaving the family without income. Frances was cared for by her grandmother while her mother took over running the family business. From her grandmother, who bought her books, Frances learned to love reading, in particular her first book The Flower Book which had coloured illustrations and poems. Because of their reduced income, Eliza had to give up their house and moved with her children to Seedley Grove, near Pendleton; there they lived with relatives in a home that included a large enclosed garden, in which Frances enjoyed playing.[4]
For a year Frances went to a small school run by two women, where she first saw a book about fairies. When her mother moved the family to Salford, Frances mourned the lack of flowers and gardens. Their home was located in Islington Square, adjacent to an area with severe overcrowding and poverty, that "defied description", as described by Friedrich Engels who lived in Manchester at the time.[5]
Frances had an active imagination, writing stories she made up in old notebooks. One of her favorite books was Harriet Beecher Stowe's novel Uncle Tom's Cabin, and she spent many hours acting out scenes from that book.[6] Frances and her siblings were sent to be educated at The Select Seminary for Young Ladies and Gentleman, where she was described as "precocious" and "romantic".[7] She had an active social life and enjoyed telling stories to her friends and cousins; in her mother she found a good audience, although her brothers had a tendency to tease her about her stories.[8] Frances continued her education at the Select Seminary until she was aged fifteen.
Manchester was almost entirely dependent on a cotton economy which was ruined by the American Civil War.[9] In 1863 Eliza Hodgson was forced to sell their business and move the family once again to an even smaller home; at that time Frances' limited education came to an end. Eliza's brother asked the family to join him in America in Knoxville to where he had emigrated and now had a thriving dry goods store. Within the year Eliza decided to accept his offer and move the family from Manchester.[10] She sold their possessions and told Frances to burn her early writings in the fire.[9] In 1865, when Frances was sixteen, the family emigrated to the US, settling near Knoxville, Tennessee

يتيمة الاب في سن الثالثة وعاشت طفولة صعبة وماتت الام في سن الحادية والعشرين

.

Jane Eyre
By
Charlotte Brontë
Orphaned into the household of her Aunt Reed at Gateshead, subject to the cruel regime at Lowood charity school, Jane Eyre nonetheless emerges unbroken in spirit and integrity.

She takes up the post of governess at Thornfield, falls in love with Mr. Rochester, and discovers the impediment to their lawful marriage in a story that transcends melodrama to portray a woman's passionate search for a wider and richer life than Victorian society traditionally allowed.

With a heroine full of yearning, the dangerous secrets she encounters, and the choices she finally makes, Charlotte Bronte's innovative and enduring romantic novel continues to engage and provoke readers.(less)

جين أير (بالإنجليزية: Jane Eyre) رواية إنجليزية للكاتبة تشارلوت برونتي, نشرت بتاريخ 16 أكتوبر 1847 في العاصمة البريطانية لندن بقلم اسم مستعار كيور بيل. تتبع الرواية أحداث حياة جاين آير منذ طفولتها عند بيت زوحة خالها السيدة ريد مروراً بالظروف القاسية التي عاشتها في مدرسة لووود وصولاً إلى حياتها في قصر ثورنفيلد حيث تعمل مدرسة لابنة السيد روتشستر الذي تقع في حبه. تناقش الرواية الظلم الاجتماعي مجسداً في أحداث حياة جاين المأساوية، وتحمل قيم أخلاقية عالية، وتتوضح لدى جاين حقائق كثيرة عن الدين والنظام الاجتماعي.

مقدمة عن الحبكة

تعتبر روايه جاين إير سرد للسيرة ذاتية لجاين على لسانها. تتمحور أحداث الرواية حول خمسة مراحل متميزة: طفولة جاين فى جيتسهيد، حيث أسيئت معاملتها عاطفياً وجسدياً من قبل عمتها وأولاد عمتها؛ ثم تعليمها فى مدرسة لوود، حيث إكتسبت قدوتها وأصدقائها ولكنها أيضا عانت من الحرمان و القهر؛ ثم الفترة التى عملت بها كمربية فى ثورنفيلد، حيث و قعت فى حب رب عملها إدوارد روشيستر؛ ثم الفترة التى قضتها مع عائلة ريفيرز ، حيث تقدم بطلب يدها ابن عمها رجل الدين الجاد ولكنه كان باردً، سانت جون ريفرز؛ و فى النهاية مرحلة لم الشمل و الزواج من حبيبها روشيستر. خلال هذه الأجزاء تعرض الرواية وجهات نظر بشأن عدد من القضايا والمشاكل الإجتماعية الهامة، التى ينتقد العديد منها الوضع الراهن فى هذا الوقت. و قد ذكر الناقد الأدبى جيروم بيتى أن استخدام منظور شخص واحد فقط فى سرد الرواية يجعل القارىء "يقبل دون نقد رؤيتها الكونيه" و غالباً ما تقود قرائتها والمناقشات حولها نحو دعم جاين، بغض النظر عن شذوذ أفكارها و وجهات نظرها.
تنقسم روايه جاين إير إلى 38 فصل، و معظم الطبعات لا تقل صفحاتها عن 400. و كانت الطبعة الأصلية فى 3 مجلدات، الأولى تضُم الفصول من 1 إلى 15، و الثانيه من 16 إلى 26 والأخيرة من 27 إلى 38. و كان هذا هو نظام النشر المتداول خلال القرن التاسع عشر.
أهدت تشارلوت برونتي الطبعة الثانية للرواية إلى ويليام ميكبيس ثاكري.
الحبكة

طفولة جاين
تبدأ القصة عند بلوغ البطلة جاين سن العاشرة بعد عدة سنوات من وفاة والديها بالتيفوئيد. فى هذه المرحلة تعيش جاين مع عائلة خالها عائلة ريد بُناء على رغبة خالها المستميتة. لكن لم تتلقى جاين العطف فى هذه العائلة إلا من جانب السيد ريد فقط. و بعد وفاة خالها عانت جاين كراهية شديدة من جانب السيدة سارة ريد زوجة خالها؛ حيث كانت تعاملها أسوأ من الخادمة و فى بعض الأوقات كانت تمنع أولادها من التواصل مع جاين. لقد تلقت جاين سوء معاملة نفسية و جسدية على حد سواء من قبل السيدة ريد و أولادها. أصبحت جاين غير سعيدة بشكل لا يصدق بعد استبعادها من الأنشطة العائلية، لم يكن لديها إلا الدمية و فى بعض الأحيان الكتب و كان هذا عزائها الوحيد. لم يكن هناك حليفاً لجاين فى هذا المنزل إلا الخادمة بيسى بالرغم من أنها كانت توبخ جاين بقسوة أحياناً. و تمضى الأيام فى هذا المنزل ثم يتم حبس جاين فى يوم من الأيام فى الغرفة الحمراء و هى الغرفة التى توفى فيها السيد ريد حيث أصيبت بالذعر لمشاهدة أطياف لعمها المتوفى. و لم يتم إنقاذها إلا عندما أقنع السيد لويد الطبيب السيدة ساره ريد بإرسال جاين بعيداً عن طريق السماح لها للذهاب إلى مدرسة لوود. لكنها لم تغادر المنزل إلا بعد أن واجهت جاين السيدة ريد و بناتها جورجينا و إليزا بأنهن مخادعات و قالت للسيدة ريد انها لن تدعوها عمتى مرة أخرى و سوف تخبر الجميع فى لوود مدى قسوة المعاملة التى تلقتها منها.
لوود
عند وصول جاين إلى مدرسة لوود الخيرية تجد جاين أن القائم على المدرسة السيد بروكلهورست وهو رجل بغيض وبارد المشاعر لديه فكرة مسبقة عنها بأنها مخادعة وحاول نقل هذه الفكرة إلى المعلمين في لووود. . في إحدى المرات، تكسر جاين عن طريق الخطأ اللوح الصخري التى كانت تكتب عليه، فتعاقب بالوقوف على مقعد خشبي أمام زميلاتها، ويطلق عليها بروكليهيرست لقب الكاذبة ويمنع الجميع بعدم الحديث معها. و لم يهون على جاين وجودها فى لوود إلا صديقتها المُقربة هيلين بيرنز. و كانت الأنسه تيمبل هى المعلمة الوحيدة التى تهتم لطالبات المدرسة، فقد ساعدت جاين فى تبرئتها من اتهامات السيد بروكيلهورست لها أمام المدرسة فى نهاية المطاف عندما كتبت للسيد لويد تدافع عن جاين.
و قد كانت أوضاع الطلاب الثمانين فى لوود قاسية للغاية حيث غرف النوم الباردة والملابس الخفيفة و المهترئة و الطعام الذي يقدم في أغلب الأحيان محترقاً. و مرض العديد من طلاب المدرسة بوباء التيفوئيد، و مات الكثير منهم من ضمنهم هيلين بيرنز صديقة جاين الوحيدة. و قد جذبت هذه الحادثة إهتمام المسؤولين مما أدى إلى طرد بروكليهرست، بعد ذلك تطورت ظروف المدرسة بشكل كبير بعد بناء مبنى جديد و تطوير الظروف المعيشية على يد عدد من المحسنين والمسؤولين.

ثورنفيلد هـول
بعد إمضائها ست سنوات كطالبة وسنتين كمدرسة ب لوود قررت جاين مغادرة المدرسة مثل صديقتها و كاتمة أسرارها الأنسة تيمبل. فتقرر العمل كمعلمة خاصة، و لم تتلقى عرض عمل إلا من أليس فيرفاكس مدبرة منزل السيد روشيستر لتدريس أديل . و تقبل جاين الوظيفة و تنتقل إلى ثورنفيلد هول لتبدأ مرحلة جديدة من حياتها.
و فى ليله بينما كانت جاين فى طريقها إلى بلدة مجاورة يمر بها فارس على حصانه، ثم ينزلق الحصان على الجليد ويسقط الفارس، فتساعده جاين على النهوض ، لتكتشف لاحقاً عند عودتها إلى القصر أن هذا الرجل هو إدوارد روشيستر مالك المنزل. و يبدأ روشيستر فى إثاره غضب جاين بسؤالها إذا كانت قد سحرت الحصان لتجعله يقع من عليه. ثم تتطور الأحداث و يبدأ السيد روشيستر و جاين بالإعجاب ببعضهم البعض حيث كانوا يقضون وقتاً طويلاً سويه خاصّة وأن جدالاتهما المستمرة قد قربتهما كثيراً.
ثم بدأت أشياء غريبة تحدث فى المنزل مثل سماع جاين لضحكات غريبة، و الحريق الغامض فى غرفة السيد روشيستر و الهجوم الذى حدث للسيد مايسون ضيف السيد روشيستر. بعد ذلك ترسل السيدة ريد فى طلب جين بعد حزنها الشديد لوفاة ابنها، فتذهب جاين إلى جيتسهيد للمكوث مع السيدة ريد التى تحتضر. حيث تعترف السيدة ريد لجاين بطلب عمها السيد جون إير لتبنيها، و إخبارها له بأن جاين قد توفت إثر حمى فى لوود و تعطيها رسالته. بعد فتره وجيزه تتوفى عمه جاين و تعود جاين إلى ثورنفيلد و تبدأ بالتواصل مع عمها.
بعد عودتها إلى ثورنفيلد اعتقدت جاين أن السيد روشيستر على وشك الزواج من بلانش انجرام. و لكنه فى احدى الامسيات يصرح لها بحبه و يتقدم بطلب الزواج منها و توافق جاين. و بينما تستعد لزفافها تتسلل إمرأة غريبة ذات مظهر وحشى فى ليلة ما إلى غرفتها و تمزق وشاح زفافها إلى نصفين. و كما هو الحال مع كل الأشياء الغامضة التى حدثت سابقاً فى ثورنفيلد يبرر السيد روشيستر لجاين هذه الحادثة بأن جريس بول إحدى الخادمات تقوم بهذه الأشياء و هى ثملة. ثم بظهور السيد مايسون و محاميه فى حفل الزفاف تكتشف جاين أن روشيستر لا يستطيع الزواج منها لأنه لا يزال متزوجاً من أخت السيد مايسون بيرثا و أنه عرف بهذه الزيجة الباطلة من خلال رسالة جاين إلى عمها جون إير و قرر منعها. و لم ينكر روشيستر هذا الكلام و حاول الدفاع عن نفسه بأن والده خدعه للزواج من بيرثا بسبب أموالها ولكنه عندما تزوجها اكتشف جنونها مما اضطره فى نهاية المطاف إلى حبسها فى ثورنفيلد و تعيين جريس بول كممرضة لتعتنى بها. و لكن بيرثا كانت تستغل ثمالة جريس بول لتهرب من غرفتها و تقوم بكل الأشياء الغريبة التى كانت تحدث فى القصر. بعد ذلك يطلب روشيستر من جاين الذهاب معه إلى جنوب فرنسا و العيش معه بدون زواج. لكنها بالرغم من حبها الشديد له رفضت التخلى عن مبادئها و قامت بمغادرة ثورنفيلد. و اضطرت جاين للعيش فى الشوارع و التسول من أجل الطعام حتى صادفت أفراد أسرة عمها جون إير و اكتشفت أنها وريثة لثروة كبرى خلفها لها عمها بعد موته.

الوظيفه الأخرى
سافرت جاين الى لندن مستخدمه المال التى وفرته. و لكنها فقدت صره الاموال فى طريقها الى هناك مما أدى بها إلى المتاجره بوشاحها و قفازها من أجل الطعام. و بعد عناء وصلت جاين الى منزل ديانا و مارى ريفرز و لكن الخادم رفض ادخالها. و من فرط فقدت وعيها أمام المنزل فقام القديس جون ريفرز رجل الدين واخ مارى و ديانا ريفرز بانقاذها. و بعد أن استعادت صحتها وجد لها وظيفه كمدرسه فى احدى المدارس الخيريه القريبه من المنزل. و أصبحت جاين صديقه مقربه لمارى و ديانا و لكن القديس جون ظل متحفظا مع جاين. ثم بدأ الاختان فى العمل كمربيتين و غادرا المنزل مما جعل القديس جون أقرب الى جاين و بدأ فى اكتشاف هويتها الحقيقيه. ثم فاجئها بإعطائها رساله من عمها الذى كشفت لها بأن عمها قد مات و ترك لها ثروه تقدر ب 20000£. حينها بدأت جاين بالتساؤلات فكشف لها القديس جون بأن جون عمه و عم أخوته أيضا و بأنهم كانوا يطمحون بالحصول على حصه من الميراث و لكنهم لم يحصلوا فى نهايه المطاف على أى شىء. حينها أحست حاين بسعاده بالغه لإيجادها عائلتها و أصرت بتقاسم المال بالتساوى مع أولاد عمها و عادت مارى و ديانا مره أخرى إلى المنزل.
شخصيات الرواية[عدل]

جين اير*: بطلة الرواية. تيتمت وهي رضيعة، فتكافح خلال سنوات نشأتها المحرومة من الحب حتى تصبح مربية في ثورنفيلد هول. رغم أنها تقع في حب مخدومها الثري، إدوارد روشيستر، إلا أن ضميرها اليقظ لا يسمح لها أن تصبح عشيقته، ولا تعود إليه إلا بعد أن تتوفى زوجته وتكون هي نفسها قد أصبحت وريثة لثروة كبرى.
السيدة سارة رييد: زوجة خال جين والتي تسيء معاملتها.
السيد بروكلهيرست: رجل دين ومسؤول مدرسة لوود، يتعامل مع الطلاب بمنتهى الحزم والقسوة.
هيلين بيرنز: صديقة جين المقربة والتي تتعرف إليها في مدرسة لوود، تتوفى بعد إصابتها بالتيفوئيد. يتكهن البعض بأن شارلوت استمدت شخصية هيلين من أختها ماريا.
إدوارد فيرفاكس رويشستر: سيد ثورنفيلد هول. تم خداع ليتزوج من بيرثا مايسون قد التقاءه بجين.
آديل: الطفلة الفرنسية، والتي يرعاها السيد رويشستر وتعمل جين كمربية لها.
السيدة فايرفاكس*: مدبرة المنزل تعامل جين بلطف ولكنها لا توافق على خطبتها من السيد روشيستر.
بلانش انجرام*: شخصية بارزة في المجتمع، يرافقها السيد روشيستر لاثارة غيرة جين. وهي وصفت بأنها بارعة الجمال، ولكنها تتخذ سلوكاً مخادعاً.
بيرثا مايسون*: زوجة رويشستر المجنونة والعنيفة.
ريتشارد مايسون*: رجل إنكليزي يعيش في جزر الهند الغربية، والذي يسبب مجيئه إلى ثورنفيلد افتضاح أمر وجود بيرثا.
غريس بول*: الخادمة التي تعنى بأمر بيرثا مايسون.
سانت جون ريفرز*: رجل دين يساعد جين، ويتبين انه ابن عمها، هو بطبيعته بارد ورزين جداً.
ديانا وماري ريفرز*: أخوات جون وبنات عم جين.
جون اير*: عم جين الذي يترك لها ثروته كلها.

شارلوت برونتي
يتيمة الام في سن الخامسة

روائية وشاعرة إنجليزية، هي الأكبر بين الأخوات برونتي الثلاث اللواتي تعتبر رواياتهن من أساسيات الأدب الإنكليزي. كتبت روايتها الشهيرة جين اير تحت اسم مستعار لرجل كيور بيل.

سيرتها الذاتية

ولدت شارلوت في ثورنتون، يوركشاير عام 1816، وهي الثالثة من بين ستة أطفال لماريا ني برانويل وزوجها الأيرلندي باتريك برونتي الانغليكاني الديانة. في عام 1820 انتقلت العائلة إلى مدينة هاوارث، حيث عين باتريك كقس الأبرشية هناك. توفيت السيدة برونتي في 15 سيبتمبر عام 1821، تاركة البنات الخمس والابن الوحيد في رعاية شقيقتها اليزابيث برانويل. في أغسطس 1824، تم إرسال شارلوت مع شقيقاتها الثلاث إلى مدرسة بنات القساوسة كوان بريدج في لانكاشير (والتي كانت مشابهة لمدرسة لوود في روايتها جين آير). أثرت الظروف المتردية للمدرسة على صحة الفتيات فما لبثت الأختان ماريا (مواليد 1814) واليزابيث (مواليد 1815) أن أصبن بمرض السل وتوفين به في يونيو 1825 بعد وقت قصير من ارسالهن إلى المدرسة، وأعاد الأب شارلوت إلى المنزل لكي تعيش فيه مع العائلة. في منزل القسيس الكائن في هاوورث، بدأت شارلوت وأختاها إيميلي برونتي وآن برونتي بنسج حكايات عن سكان ممالك خيالية والتأريخ لحياتهم ونضالاتهم. كتبت شارلوت وبرانويل حكايات خيالية عن مملكتهما انجريا بينما كتبت ايميلي وآن مقالات وقصائد عن مملكتهما جوندال. كانت كتاباتهن محكمة ومعقدة (ولا يزال جزء من هذه المخطوطات محفوظاً بحال جيدة) وأمدتهن باهتمامات في مرحلة طفولتهن وبدايات مراهقتهن رافقتهن بعد ذلك في كتاباتهن الأدبية لاحقاً عندما كبرن.
أكملت شارلوت تعليمها في رو هيد، مير فيلد من 1831 إلى 1832، وهناك قابلت رفيقات حياتها الين نسي وماري تايلور واللواتي لم ينقطعن عن تبادل الرسائل. وكتبت في هذه الفترة روايتها القزم الأخضر 1833 تحت اسم ليسلي. عادت شارلوت إلى هذه المدرسة فيما بعد كمدرسة من 1835 إلى 1838. في عام 1839، عملت كمربية خاصة لدى عدد من العائلات في يوركشاير، وظلت في هذه المهنة حتى عام 1841. في عام 1842 سافرت شارلوت واميلي إلى بروكسل للتسجيل في مدرسة داخلية يديرها قسطنطين هيغر (1809 - 1896) وزوجته كلير زوي بارينت هيغر (1814 - 1891). في محاولة لتسديد أقساط انتسابهم إلى المدرسة، درسى شارلوت اللغة الإنجليزية بينما درست ايملي الموسيقى. اضطرت الأختان إلى ترك المدرسة عام 1842 عندما توفيت خالتهم اليزابيث برانويل بانسداد داخلي في شهر أوكتوبر. عادت شارلوت وحدها إلى بروكسل مرة أخرى في يناير 1843 لتتولى التدريس في المدرسة مرة أخرى. ولكن اقامتها الثانية في المدرسة لم تكن سعيدة على الإطلاق، فشعرت بالوحدة وأصابها الحنين إلى الوطن وتعلقت بعمق بقسطنطين هيغر (أشيع أن شخصية ادوارد رويشستر في روايتها جين آير كانت مستمدة من شخصية هيغر)، فعادت مرة أخرى إلى هاوراث في يناير 1844 واستخدمت الوقت الذي قضتها في المدرسة الداخلية كمصدر الهام لروايتيها البروفيسور وفاليت.
في مايو 1846، نشرت شارلوت، ايميلي وآن مجموعة مشتركة من القصائد تحت أسماء مستعارة*: كيور، إليس وأكت بيل. رغم أنه تم بيع نسختين فقط من الكتاب إلا أن الأخوات استمرين في إنتاجهن الأدبي وبدأن بكتابة رواياتهن الأول. استخدمت شارلوت الاسم كيور بيل عندما نشرت أول روايتين لها. وكتبت شارلوت فيما بعد*:
" في معارضة للدعاية الشخصية، أخفينا أسمائنا الأصلية خلف كيور، إليس وأكتن بيل. اخترنا هذه الأسماء الغامضة على ضوء رغبة في استخدام أسماء ذكورية مسيحية بشكل إيجابي، حيث لم نكن نود أن نعلن أننا نساء، لأنه في ذلك الوقت كان سيتم التعامل مع طريقة كتاباتنا وتفكيرنا على أساس أنها " أنثوية ". كان لدينا انطباع قوي أن مؤلفاتنا سينظر إليها باستعلاء، حيث لاحظنا كيف يستخدم النقاد في بعض الأحيان أسلوب مهاجمة الشخصية كوسية عقاب، وأسلوب الغزل كمكافأة، وهو ليس بالمدح الحقيقي " .
وفعلاً، حكم النقاد على روايتيها بأنها خشنة، وكانت هناك تساؤلات حول هوية كيور وعما إذا كان رجلاً أو امرأة.
شقيق شارلوت، برانويل، الابن الوحيد للعائلة، توفي بالتهاب القصبات المزمن ومرض ماراسماس الذين تفاقما بسبب افراطه في شرب الخمر في سبتمبر 1848، على الرغم من اعتقاد شارلوت بأن وفاته كانت نتيجة لمرض السل. يعتقد أيضاً أن برانويل كان مدمناً على تناول الأفيون (مدمن على مادة اللاندوم المخدرة) توفى كل من اميلي وآن بمرض السل الرئوي في ديسمبر 1848 ومايو 1849 على التوالي.
بقيت شارلوت ووالدها لوحدهما الآن. وفي ظل النجاح الباهر لرواية جين آير، أقنعها ناشر الرواية بزيارة لندن في بعض الأحيان، حيث كشفت عن هويتها الحقيقية، وبدأت بالتحرك في أكثر من دائرة اجتماعية وسرعان ما كونت صداقات مع هارييت مارتينو، اليزابيث غاسكل، ويليام ميكبيس ثاكري ولويس غ. كان كتابها بمثابة شرارة في مجال حركة تحرير المرأة الأدبية. الشخصية الرئيسية، جاين آير، في رواية جاين آير كانت موازية لشخصية شارلوت نفسها، امرأة قوية. ومع ذلك لم تغادر شارلوت هاوورث أبداً لأكثر من بضعة أسابيع في وقت واحد حيث لم تكن ترغب في ترك جانب والدها الشيخ المسن.
ابنة ثاكيراي، الكاتبة آن إيزابيلا ثاكيراي تذكر زيارة شارلوت لوالدها*:
“" دخل اثنان من السادة، يتقدمهما فتاة صغيرة، رقيقة، جادة، بشعر أشقر مسرح وعينين ثابتتين. تبدو أكبر من الثلاثين بقليل، ترتدي ثوباً مع نمط من الزخرفة بلون الطحلب الأخضر الخافت. إنها تدخل في صمت، في جدية. كانت قلوبنا تدق باثارة عارمة، هذه هي المؤلفة، القوة المجهولة التي جعلت كتبها كل لندن تتحدث، تقرأ، تخمن، حتى إن بعض الناس قالوا إن والدي هو من كتب هذه الكتب، الكتب الرائعة. إن هذه اللحظة تخطف الأنفاس لدرجة أن موعد العشاء كان بمثابة النجدة من عظمة وطأة هذه المناسبة، وكنا كلنا نبتسم عندما تقدم والدي ليعرض ذراعه على الرغم من كونها عبقرية، إلا أن الآنسة برونتي بالكاد استطاعت أن تصل إلى كوعه. كانت انطباعات الخاصة عنها انها كانت رزينة ومتهجمة، خاصة تجاه الفتيات الشابات اللواتي تقدمن بجرأة ليتبادلن معها أطراف الحديث. الكل كان في انتظار المحادثات الشيقة والتي لم تحدث أبداً، فقد عادت الآنسة برونتي إلى الكنبة في غرفة المكتب، وتمتمت بكلمة في صوت منخفض من حين لآخر إللى مربيتنا الطيبة. غدت المحادثات تصبح قاتمة أكثر فأكثر، جلست السيدات في هدوء ينتظرن، كان والدي مشوشاً بجو الكآبة والصمت فلم يستطع أن يتكيف معه على الاطلاق. بعد أن غادرت الآنسة برونتي، فاجأني رؤية والدي يفتح الباب الأمامي وهو يرتدي قبعته. وضع أصابعه على شفتيه، انسحب في الظلام، وأغلق الباب بهدوء خلفه. السيدة بروكتر سألتني فيما إذا كنت على علم بما حدث، كانت تلك واحدة من أكثر الأمسيات كآبة بالنسبة للسيدة بروكتر. السيدات اللواتي كن يتوقعن الكثير من الأحاديث المبهجة، والكآبة والجهامة، وكيف طغت القيود على الوضع، وكيف غادر والدي الغرفة ومن بعدها المنزل بكل هدوء، وذهب ليرتاد ناديه"
في يونيو 1854، تزوجت شارلوت بآرثر بيل نيكولز، مساعد والدها، وحملت بعدها بوقت قصير. بدأت صحتها بالتدهور سريعاً خلال هذا الوقت، ووفقاً لغاسكل، أول كاتبة لسيرة شارلوت، كانت قد " هاجمتها مشاعر غثيان دائم وتعب متكرر ". توفيت شارلوت، مع ابنها الذي لم يولد بعد، في 31 مارس 1855، في سن ال38. أوزعت شهادة وفاتها السبب إلى السل (الدرن)، ولكن العديد من المؤرخين يرجح أن يكون سبب الوفاة ناتجاً عن الجفاف وسوء التغذية، بسبب الإفراط في القيء الشديد من غثيان الصباح أو التقيء الحملي. وهناك أيضاً أدلة تشير إلى أن شارلوت توفيت من التيفوس، والذي كان سبباً في وفاة تابيثا أكرويد، مدبرة منزل عائلة برونتي، والتي كانت وفاتها سابقة لوفاة شارلوت بفترة وجيزة. دفنت شارلوت في المدفن العائلي في كنيسة القديس مايكل وجميع الملائكة في هاوارث، غرب يوركشاير، إنجلترا.
" حياة شارلوت برونتي، السيرة الذاتية " والتي نشرت عقب وفاتها بقلم غاسكل، كانت أولى السير الكثيرة عن شارلوت برونتي. على الرغم من أن غاسكل كتبت أسماء الأماكن بوضوح وصراحة، إلا أنها أخفت تفاصيل حب شارلوت لهيغر والذي كان رجلاً متزوجاً، اعتقاداً منها أنها تحمل الكثير من مواجهة للقيم الأخلاقية المعاصرة وربما قد تكون سبباً في الاساءة إلى الأصدقاء الذين لا يزالون على قيد الحياة، والدها وزوجها. غاسكل أيضاً قدمت معلومات مشكوك فيها وغير دقيقة عن باتريك برونتي، مدعية على سبيل المثال، أنه لم يسمح لأولاده بتناول اللحوم. وهذا يدحضه ما كتبته ايميلي برونتي في صفحات مذكراتها، والتي كانت تصف فيها إعداد اللحوم والبطاطا في مآدبة العشاء في بيت الكاهن أو القسيس، كما تشير جولييت باركر في كتابها الأخير حول سيرة شارلوت الذاتية.
بعد وفاتها، تم نشر أولى رواياتها في عام 1857، المخطوط الذي عملت عليه لاحقاً في سنواتها الأخيرة في 1860 (تم انهاؤه من قبل الكتاب المعاصرين مرتين، وكانت أكثر النسخ شهرة (ايما براون، رواية عن المخطوط غير المكتمل لشارلوت برونتي) بقلم كلاير بولين عام 2003. والمزيد من انجريا خلال العقود التي تلت، 1857.
الأعمال الأدبية[عدل]

أعمال الصبا[عدل]
القزم الأخضر
"القزم الأخضر، حكاية من التوتر الكامل " كتبت في عام 1833 تحت اسم مستعار*: اللورد تشارلز ألبرت فلوريان ويلزلي. وتظهر تأثير والتر سكوت، وتعديلات برونتي على أسلوبها القوطي الأول ،الأمر الذي جعل كريستيان ألكساندر يعلق أنه " في هذا العمل من الواضح أن برونتي قد سئمت من النمط القوطي في حد ذاته "
حكايات من أنجريا، كتبت عام 1834
مجموعة من كتابات الأطفال وبدايات الشباب تحوي مجموعة من القصص القصيرة.
زورما في المنفى
مينا لوري
كارولين فيرنون
الروايات[عدل]
جاين آير، نشرت عام 1847
شيرلي، نشرت عام 1849
فاليت، نشرت عام 1853
البروفيسور، كتبت قبل جاين آير، تم تسليمها مع مرتفعات ويذرنغ وآغنيس غراي، وبعدها تم تسليمها لوحدها ورُفضت من قبل العديد من دور النشر، ونشرت عقب وفاة شارلوت عام 1857.
إيما، غير كاملة، كتبت شارلوت منها 20 صفحة فقط، نشرت عقب وفاتها عام 1860.
في العقود الأخيرة، ظهرت على الأقل تكملتان لهذه المخطوطة*:
"إيما، بقلم شارلوت برونتي وسيدة أخرى " نشرت 1980، رغم أن كتابتها أعزيت إلى اليزابيث جود، إلا أن المؤلف الفعلي كانت كونستانس سافري.
إيما براون، بقلم كلاير بولين، نشرت عام 2003
الشعر[عدل]
قصائد بقلم كيور، إليس وأكتن بيل، 1846
قصائد مختارة من البرونتي، شعر لكل إنسان، 1997
المراجع[عدل]

^ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charlotte_Bront%C3%AB
[أخف] ع ن ت
الأخوات برونتي
تشارلوت
القزم الأخضر (1833) · جين أير (1847) · شيرلي (1849) · فيليت (1853) · الأستاذ (1857)
إيميلي
مرتفعات ويذرنغ (1847)
آن
أغنيس غراي (1847) · نزيل قاعة ويلدفيل (1848)
أعمال تعاونية
قصائد كورير، ايليس وبيل أكتون (1846) · قائمة قصائد برونتي
أنظر أيضاً
بلاد برونتي · باتريك برونتي · برانويل برونتي · إلين نيساي · قسطنطين هيغر · الأدب الفيكتوري
تصنيفات: مواليد 1816وفيات 1855روائيون بريطانيونعائلة برونتيشاعرات بريطانياتشعراء إنجليز

The Witch of Blackbird Pond
by Elizabeth George Speare

Kit Tyler is marked by suspicion and disapproval from the moment she arrives on the unfamiliar shores of colonial Connecticut in 1867. Alone and desperate, she has been forced to leave her beloved home on the island of Barbados and join a family she has never met. Torn between her quest for belonging and her desire to be true to herself, Kit struggles to survive in a hostile place. Just when it seems she must give up, she finds a kindred spirit. But Kit’s friendship with Hannah Tupper, believed by the colonists to be a witch, proves more taboo than she could have imagined and ultimately forces Kit to choose between her heart and her duty.

Elizabeth George Speare’s Newbery Award–winning novel portrays a heroine whom readers will admire for her unwavering sense of truth as well as her infinite capacity to love.s)

Elizabeth George Speare (November 21, 1908 – November 15, 1994) was an American writer of children's books, best known for historical novels including two Newbery Medal winners. She has been called one of America's 100 most popular writers for children and some of her work has become mandatory reading in many schools throughout the nation.[1][2] Indeed, because her books have sold so well she is also cited as one of the Educational Paperback Association's top 100 authors.[3]
Speare is one of five writers with two Newbery Medals recognizing the year's "most distinguished contribution to American literature for children".[4] In 1989 she received the Laura Ingalls Wilder Medal for her contributions to American children's literature.s
Life

Speare was born in Melrose, Massachusetts to Harry Allan and Demetria Simmons George. Her childhood, as she later recalled, was "exceptionally happy" and Melrose was "an ideal place in which to have grown up, close to fields and woods where we hiked and picnicked, and near to Boston where we frequently had family treats of theaters and concerts."[3] She had an extended family with one brother and many aunts, uncles, and cousins, and most importantly, very loving and supportive parents.[citation needed] Speare lived much of her life in New England, the setting for many of her books.
Speare discovered her gift for writing at the age of eight and began composing stories while still in high school. After completing her Bachelor of Arts degree at Smith College in 1930, she earned her Master's degree in English from Boston University and taught English at several private Massachusetts high schools from 1932 to 1936. In 1936 she met her future husband, Alden Speare, and together the two moved to Connecticut where they married and raised two children; Alden, Jr., who was born in 1939, and Mary in 1942. Although Speare always intended to write, the challenges and responsibilities of being a mother and wife drained her of any free time. Speare began to focus seriously on literature when her children were in junior high school.
Literary career

Speare's first published work was a magazine article about skiing with her children.[citation needed] She also wrote many other magazine articles based on her experiences as a mother, and even experimented with one-act plays. Eventually her work saw circulation in Better Homes and Gardens, Woman's Day, Parents, and American Heritage.
Speare's first book, Calico Captive, was published by Houghton Mifflin in 1957. It features a colonial New Hampshire family kidnapped by native Americans in 1754. The next year she completed her second historical novel, The Witch of Blackbird Pond, which won numerous awards including the Newbery Medal. Ideas and inspiration for both books came to Speare while she was researching the history of New England and Connecticut, respectively. She earned her second Newbery Medal for her third book, The Bronze Bow, published in 1961. The Sign of the Beaver (1984) was a Newbery runner-up[4] and won the Scott O'Dell Award for Historical Fiction and the Christopher Award.[citation needed]
In 1989 the professional children's librarians awarded Speare the Wilder Medal, which recognizes a living author or illustrator whose books, published in the United States, have made "a substantial and lasting contribution to literature for children". At the time it was awarded every three years.[5]
Speare died of an aortic aneurysm on November 15, 1994 in Northwest General Hospital in Tucson, Arizona.[1]
Selected works

Calico Captive (1957)
The Witch of Blackbird Pond (1958) — Newbery Medal[4]
The Bronze Bow (1961) — Newbery Medal[4]
The Sign of the Beaver (1983)

Heidi


Summary of Johanna Spyri's Heidi Story

The orphan child Heidi first lives with her aunt Dete, but Dete would like to concentrate on her career. So she brings Heidi to her grandfather, a queer old man living in an alpine cottage far from the next village (he is therefore called Alm-Uncle, Alpöhi or Almöhi in German). Alm-Uncle is good-hearted but mistrusts anybody and wants to keep the child from all evils of the world. So he refuses to send Heidi to school; instead she goes to the pastures, together with Peter, a shepherd boy looking after the goats (Geissenpeter = goat-Peter in German). This (all too harmonious) apine idyll finds a sudden end when aunt Dete comes in again and brings Heidi to Frankfurt (Germany) where she shall stay with Clara, the paralyzed daughter of a rich family, and learn something.

Thanks to the grandmother of Clara, Heidi learns to read but she can't get acquainted to the strict discipline in a bourgeois upper class house (personified by governess Fraulein Rottenmeier). She is very lonesome and gets depressed by the gray anonymous city. Heidi becomes ill of homesickness, she starts to walk in her sleep. Miss Rottenmeier is alarmed, not because of the fate of the poor child, but rather because she thinks that there are ghosts in the old house. Finally Clara's father Herr Stresemann and the sympathetic doctor of the family decide to stay up till midnight and find out about the ghosts. When the doctor sees Heidi walking around in her sleep, he finds the right diagnosis and sends her back to the alps.

Next summer, Clara visits Heidi there. They go to the pastures and Heidi shows Clara all the beauty of her world. Peter gets terribly jealous, and in a moment when he feels unobserved, he pushes the empty wheelchair down to the valley so it gets smashed. Clara wants to see the flowers and is forced to walk - and her desire is strong enough that she overcomes her handicap. Healings at body, spirit and soul in that healthy Alpine world - end well, all well.(less)

Heidi


Summary of Johanna Spyri's Heidi Story

The orphan child Heidi first lives with her aunt Dete, but Dete would like to concentrate on her career. So she brings Heidi to her grandfather, a queer old man living in an alpine cottage far from the next village (he is therefore called Alm-Uncle, Alpöhi or Almöhi in German). Alm-Uncle is good-hearted but mistrusts anybody and wants to keep the child from all evils of the world. So he refuses to send Heidi to school; instead she goes to the pastures, together with Peter, a shepherd boy looking after the goats (Geissenpeter = goat-Peter in German). This (all too harmonious) apine idyll finds a sudden end when aunt Dete comes in again and brings Heidi to Frankfurt (Germany) where she shall stay with Clara, the paralyzed daughter of a rich family, and learn something.

Thanks to the grandmother of Clara, Heidi learns to read but she can't get acquainted to the strict discipline in a bourgeois upper class house (personified by governess Fraulein Rottenmeier). She is very lonesome and gets depressed by the gray anonymous city. Heidi becomes ill of homesickness, she starts to walk in her sleep. Miss Rottenmeier is alarmed, not because of the fate of the poor child, but rather because she thinks that there are ghosts in the old house. Finally Clara's father Herr Stresemann and the sympathetic doctor of the family decide to stay up till midnight and find out about the ghosts. When the doctor sees Heidi walking around in her sleep, he finds the right diagnosis and sends her back to the alps.

Next summer, Clara visits Heidi there. They go to the pastures and Heidi shows Clara all the beauty of her world. Peter gets terribly jealous, and in a moment when he feels unobserved, he pushes the empty wheelchair down to the valley so it gets smashed. Clara wants to see the flowers and is forced to walk - and her desire is strong enough that she overcomes her handicap. Healings at body, spirit and soul in that healthy Alpine world - end well, all well.(less)

Johanna Spyri (German pronunciation: [joˈhana ˈʃpiːri]) (12 June 1827 – 7 July 1901) was a Swiss author of children's stories, and is best known for her book Heidi. Born Johanna Louise Heusser in the rural area of Hirzel, Switzerland, as a child she spent several summers in the area around Chur in Graubünden, the setting she later would use in her novels.
Biography[edit source]

In 1852, Johanna Heusser married Bernhard Spyri, a lawyer. While living in the city of Zürich she began to write about life in the country. Her first story, A Note on Vrony's Grave, which deals with a woman's life of domestic violence, was published in 1880; the following year further stories for both adults and children appeared, among them the novel Heidi, which she wrote in four weeks. Heidi is the story of an orphan girl who lives with her grandfather in the Swiss Alps, and is famous for its vivid portrayal of that landscape.
Her husband and her only child, a son named Bernard, both died in 1884. Alone, she devoted herself to charitable causes and wrote over fifty more stories before her death in 1901. She was interred in the family plot at the Sihlfeld-A Cemetery in Zürich. An icon in Switzerland, Spyri's portrait was placed on a postage stamp in 1951 and on a 20 CHF commemorative coin in 2009.


Gravesite at Sihlfeld cemetery in Zurich
In April 2010 a professor, searching for children's illustrations, found a book written in 1830 by a German history teacher, Adam von Kamp, that Spyri may have used as a basis for Heidi. The 1830 story is titled Adelheide - das Mädchen von Alpengebirge—translated, "Adelheide, the girl from the Alps". The two stories share many similarities in plot line and imagery. Spyri biographer Regine Schindler said it was entirely possible that Spyri may have been familiar with the story as she grew up in a literate household with many books.[1]

Johanna Spyri: Biography and Background

Johanna Heusser was born and raised in a small village named Hirzel, situated on the prealpine hills above Lake Zurich. Her father Johann Jacob Heusser was a country doctor coming from a rural background. Her mother Meta (Margareta) Heusser-Schweizer, daughter of a pastor and descendant from a family closely related to the 18th century literary circles in Zurich (Gessner, Lavater), wrote pietist religious poetry and hymns. Meta Heusser did not want that her works were published, and when she finally could be persuaded to do so, she insisted that her name would not be disclosed. At the time, her works found widespread resonance, but only a few enthusiasts in literature do know her today. A selection of Alpine Lyrics by Meta Heusser-Schweizer was even translated into English in 1875, reflecting 19th century enthusiasm for the alps. Her letters and her chronicle (Hauschronik) show that Meta Heusser-Schweizer was a precise observer interested in politics and society.

Johanna Heusser had three brothers and three sisters, but one brother died as a small child. Johanna Heusser grew up in a sheltered upper class family environment, but also deeply rooted in a small rural community. At the age of 16 she was sent to a residential school in the French-speaking city of Yverdon, western Switzerland - a typical choice for an upper class Swiss family at the time. After graduation she returned home, helped her mother, taught her little siblings and read a lot. Politically, these years were quite turbulent in Switzerland with a short civil war between conservatives and liberals in 1847 followed by the foundation of a modern, democratic, federal national state with national parliament and government replacing a loose confederacy of small territories. Seen on this background, staying in Hirzel with her parents might have been a choice for safety .



In 1852, at the age of 25, Johanna married Johann Bernhard Spyri, a lawyer and journalist and moved to the pulsating city of Zurich. Her husband became town clerk (might also be translated as general secretary), at the time a very honorary position, in 1868. As Johann Bernhard Spyri was a workaholic and did not show too much interest for his wife, the marriage was not very happy. Johanna Spyri suffered from depression during pregnancy and could not escape from it for several years. She had one son, Bernhard, who died early at the age of 28 from comsumption. The same year, 1884, Johanna Spyri's husband died as well.

A friend of the family encouraged Johanna Spyri to write, and so she published her first story "Ein Blatt auf Vronys Grab" in 1871. The story is about a woman being maltreated by her husband, an alcoholic; Vrony prays to God and accepts her fate as she is advised by her pastor. This story is a dismal portrait of 19th century social reality. At the time this story was a success, and it certainly encouraged its authoress to keep on writing.

Johanna Spyri's personality is multifaceted. Earlier portraits focused on her depressive, introverted side. Recent analysis of her letters shows some other aspects, however. As a widow, she traveled a lot, had many friends and was a very self-confident, independent woman. It would seem that writing stories helped her to find her personal road out of the traditional, all too devotional way of accepting suffering as an unchangeable fate - a way that had been paved by her family. Johanna Spyri did not, however, quit her faith and turn into a viperish social critic (as others would probably have done), but rather believed in personal development and in accepting challenges.

Emily of New Moon
Emily Starr never knew what it was to be lonely——until her beloved father died. Now Emily's an orphan, and her mother's snobbish relatives are taking her to live with them at New Moon Farm. She's sure she won't be happy. Emily deals with stiff, stern Aunt Elizabeth and her malicious classmates by holding her head high and using her quick wit. Things begin to change when she makes friends, with Teddy, who does marvelous drawings; with Perry, who's sailed all over the world with his father yet has never been to school; and above all, with Ilse, a tomboy with a blazing temper. Amazingly, Emily finds New Moon beautiful and fascinating. With new friends and adventures, Emily might someday think of herself as Emily of New Moon

Emily of New Moon is the first in a series of novels by Lucy Maud Montgomery about an orphan girl growing up in Canada. It is similar to the author's Anne of Green Gables series, but less romanticized and more realistic. It was first published in 1923.

Plot summary e]

Similar to her earlier and more famous Anne of Green Gables series, the Emily novels depicted life through the eyes of a young orphan girl, Emily Starr, who is raised by her relatives after her father dies of tuberculosis. The series was less romanticized and more realistic than the Anne novels. Montgomery considered Emily to be a character much closer to her own personality than Anne, and some of the events which occur in the Emily series happened to Montgomery herself. Emily is described as having black hair, purply violet eyes, pale skin and a unique and enchanting "slow" smile.
Emily Starr is sent to live at New Moon Farm on Prince Edward Island with her aunts Elizabeth and Laura Murray and her Cousin Jimmy. She makes friends with Ilse Burnley, Teddy Kent, and Perry Miller, the hired boy, who Aunt Elizabeth looks down upon because he was born in 'Stovepipe Town', a poorer district.
Each of the children has a special gift. Emily was born to be a writer, Teddy is a gifted artist, Ilse is a talented elocutionist, and Perry has the makings of a great politician. They also each have a few problems with their families. Emily has a hard time getting along with Aunt Elizabeth, who does not understand her need to write. Ilse's father, Dr. Burnley, ignores Ilse most of the time because of a dreadful secret concerning Ilse's mother. Teddy's mother is jealous of her son's talents and friends, fearing that his love for them will eclipse his love for her; as a result, she hates Emily, Teddy's drawings, and even his pets. Perry is not as well off as the other three, so his Aunt Tom once tries to make Emily promise to marry Perry when they grow up, threatening that unless Emily does so, she will not pay for Perry's schooling.
Other unforgettable characters are Dean "Jarback" Priest, a quiet, mysterious cynic who wants something he fears is ever unattainable; fiery Mr Carpenter, the crusty old schoolteacher who is Emily's mentor and honest critic when it comes to evaluating her stories and poems; "simple" Cousin Jimmy, who recites his poetry when the spirit moves him; and strict, suspicious Aunt Ruth who yet proves to be an unexpected ally in times of trouble.

Pippi Longstocking (Pippi Långstrump #1)
by Astrid Lindgren, Florencer)

Tommy and his sister Annika have a new neighbor, and her name is Pippi Longstocking. She has crazy red pigtails, no parents to tell her what to do, a horse that lives on her porch, and a flair for the outrageous that seems to lead to one adventure after another!