R.Garaudy Althusser wrote two autobiographies, L'Avenir dure longtemps (The Future Lasts a Long Time) which is published in The United States as "The Future Lasts Forever," in a single volume with Althusser's other, shorter, earlier autobiography, "The Facts." They are not straightforward autobiographies and cannot be treated as such (at least without provisions) for purposes of strict biographical information.
Althusser was born in French Algeria in the town of Birmendreïs, near Algiers, to a pieds-noirs family. He was named after his paternal uncle who had been killed in the First World War. Althusser alleged that his mother had intended to marry his uncle and married his father only because of the brother's demise. Althusser also alleges that his mother treated him as a substitute for his deceased uncle, to which he attributed deep psychological damage.
Following the death of his father, Althusser moved from Algiers with his mother and younger sister to Marseilles, where he spent the rest of his childhood. He joined the Roman Catholic youth movement Jeunesse Etudiante Chrétienne in 1937. Althusser performed brilliantly at school at the Lycée du Parc in Lyon and was accepted to the elite École normale supérieure (ENS) in Paris. However, he found himself enlisted in the run-up to World War II, and like most French soldiers following the Fall of France Althusser was interned in a German POW camp. Here, his move towards Communism was to begin. He remained in the camp for the rest of the war, and this experience further contributed to his lifelong bouts of mental instability.

الآمر بأحكام الله

اسمه: أبو علي منصور بن أحمد
يتمه: مات ابوه وعمره 5 سنوات.
مجاله: قائد فاطمي.

(ولد 1096 – مات 1130) تلقب عند توليته بلقب الآمر بأحكام الله فكان الخليفة الفاطمي العاشر والإمام العشرين للإسماعيليةالمستعلية، وهو ابن المستعلي بالله (1094 – 1101)، الخليفة الفاطمي التاسع. حكم منذ عام 1101 وهو صبي، وو حتى وفاته.
في 1121 انقلب الآمر بأحكام الله على وكيله الأفضل شاهنشاه ووكيل أبيه من قبله، فقتله وعين مكانه المأمون البطائحي فاستطاع السيطرة على حكومته.
في عهده أخذ الفرنجعكا عام 1103، كما أخذوا طرابلس عام 1108. وبعد ذلك تسلموا تبنين عام 1117، وصور عام 1124، وأخذوا بالسيف بيروت عام 1109، وصيدا عام 1110، وسقطت الفرما للملك الإفرنجي بردويل.
كان الآمر في هودجه يتنزه فيما بين القاهرة والجزيرة في ذي القعدة سنة 524 عندما هاجمته جماعة مسلحة بالسيوف يروي المقريزي أنها تابعة للنزارية الذين أرادوا الانتقام منه لما كان من شقاق ما بين أبيه المستعلي بالله وعمه نزار على عرش الفاطميين في مصر، فحُمل الآمر إلى القصر إلا أنه توفي يوم الرايع عشر من ذي القعدة (موافقا 7 أكتوبر 1130)، فكانت مدة حكمه تسعا وعشرين سنة وتسعة أشهر.
لم يكن الآمر بأحكام الله قد سَمَّى عند موته خليفة فوقع خلاف فيمن يخلفه بين من بايعوا ابنه الطيب أبوالقاسم فعرفوا بالطَّيِّبِية، وآخرون بايعوا الحافظ لدين الله ابن عم أبيه المستعلي فعرفوا بالحافظية، فنجم من جراء ذلك انشقاق جديد في الإمامة.

Salomon August Andrée (October 18, 1854, Gränna, Småland – October 1897), during his lifetime most often known as S. A. Andrée, was a Swedish engineer, physicist, aeronaut and polar explorer who perished while leading an attempt to reach the Geographic North Pole by hydrogen balloon. The balloon expedition was unsuccessful in reaching the Pole and resulted in the deaths of all three of its participants

Andrée was born in the small town of Gränna, Sweden; he was especially close to his mother, especially after the death of his father in 1870.
He attended the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm and graduated with a degree in mechanical engineering in 1874. In 1876 he went to the Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia, where he was employed as a janitor at the Swedish Pavilion. During his trip to the United States he read a book on trade winds and met the American balloonist John Wise; these encounters initiated his life-long fascination with balloon travel.[1] He returned to Sweden and opened a machine shop where he worked until 1880; it was less than successful and he soon looked for other employment. From 1880 to 1882 he was an assistant at the Royal Institute of Technology, and in 1882–1883 he participated in a Swedish scientific expedition to Spitsbergen led by Nils Ekholm, where Andrée was responsible for the observations regarding air electricity. From 1885 to his death, he was employed by the Swedish patent office. From 1891–1894 he was also a liberal member of the Stockholm city council. As a scientist, Andrée published scientific journals about air electricity, conduction of heat, and inventions. His view of life was that of the natural sciences, and he entirely lacked interest in art or literature. He was a believer in industrial and technical development, and claimed also that emancipation of women would come as a consequence of technical progress.

Antoine de Saint-Exupéry[1] (French pronunciation: [ɑ̃twan də sɛ̃tɛɡzypeˈʁi]) (29 June 1900 – 31 July 1944) was a French writer and aviator. He is best remembered for his novella The Little Prince (Le Petit Prince) and for his books about aviation adventures, including Night Flight and Wind, Sand and Stars.
He was a successful commercial pilot before World War II. He joined the Armée de l'Air (French Air Force) on the outbreak of war, flying reconnaissance missions until the armistice with Germany. Following a spell of writing in the United States, he joined the Free French Forces. He disappeared on a reconnaissance flight over the Mediterranean in July 1944.

Antoine Jean-Baptiste Marie Roger de Saint Exupéry[2] was born in Lyon to an old family of provincial nobility, the third of five children of Marie de Fonscolombe and of Viscount Jean de Saint Exupéry, an insurance broker who died before his son's fourth birthday.
After failing his final exams at preparatory school, Saint-Exupéry entered the École des Beaux-Arts to study architecture. In 1921, he began his military service with the 2e Régiment de chasseurs à cheval (English: 2nd Regiment of Light Cavalry), and was sent to Strasbourg for training as a pilot. The following year, he obtained his license and was offered transfer to the air force. Bowing to the objections of the family of his fiancée—the future novelist Louise Lévêque de Vilmorin—he instead settled in Paris and took an office job. The couple ultimately broke off the engagement, however, and he worked at several jobs over the next few years without success.
By 1926, Saint-Exupéry was flying again. He became one of the pioneers of international postal flight, in the days when aircraft had few instruments. Later he complained that those who flew the more advanced aircraft had become more like accountants than pilots. He worked on the Aéropostale between Toulouse and Dakar, and became the airline stopover manager in Cape Juby airfield, in the Spanish zone of South Morocco, inside the Sahara desert. In 1929, Saint-Exupéry moved to Argentina, where he was appointed director of the Aeroposta Argentina airline. This period of his life is briefly explored in Wings of Courage, an IMAX film by French director Jean-Jacques Annaud.

Gertrude Stein (February 3, 1874 – July 27, 1946) was an American writer, poet and art collector who spent most of her life in France.
Gertrude Stein, the youngest of a family of five children, was born on February 3, 1874, in Allegheny, Pennsylvania (merged with Pittsburgh in 1907) to well-educated German Jewish parents, Daniel and Amelia Stein. Her father was a railroad executive whose investments in streetcar lines and real estate made the family wealthy.
When Gertrude was three years old, the Steins relocated for business reasons to Vienna and then Paris. They returned to America in 1878, settling in Oakland, California, where Stein attended First Hebrew Congregation of Oakland's Sabbath school.
Her mother died in 1888, and her father in 1891. Michael, her eldest brother, took over the family business holdings. He arranged for Gertrude, and another sister Bertha, to live with their mother's family in Baltimore after the deaths of their parents. In 1892 she lived with her uncle David Bachrach.

يتمه: ماتت امه وعمره 13 سنة.
مجاله: روائي.

"حريق لندن الكبير توفي دانيال ديفو سنة 1731 وهو في سن 71 ودفن في لندن

0 Daniel Defoe (English pronunciation: 1659-1661 – 24 April 1731, born Daniel Foe, was an English writer, journalist, and pamphleteer, who gained fame for his novel Robinson Crusoe. Defoe is notable for being one of the earliest proponents of the novel, as he helped to popularise the form in Britain and is among the founders of the English novel.[2] A prolific and versatile writer, he wrote more than 500 books, pamphlets and journals on various topics (including politics, crime, religion, marriage, psychology and the supernatural). He was also a pioneer of economic journalism
Daniel Foe (his original name) was probably born in the parish of St. GilesCripplegate London. (Defoe later added the aristocratic-sounding "De" to his name and on occasion claimed descent from the family of De Beau Faux.) The date and the place of his birth are uncertain, with sources often giving dates of 1659 to 1661.

His father James Foe, though a member of the Butchers' Company, was a tallowchandler.
In Defoe's early life he experienced first-hand some of the most unusual occurrences in English history: in 1665, 70,000 were killed by the Great Plague of London. The Great Fire of London (1666) hit Defoe's neighbourhood hard, leaving only his and two other homes standing in the area.
حدثت في طفولته مجموعة من الاحداث الغريبة.
- قتل حوالي 70 الف شخص بالطاعون الذي اصاب لندن
- حريق لندن الكبير احرق كل البيوت المجاوره لبيته
In 1667, when Defoe was probably about seven years old, a Dutch fleet sailed up the Medway via the River Thames and attacked Chatham.
- وعندما بلغ السابعة تعرضت انجلترا لغزو هولندي وصل الى منتصف نهر التايمز
By the time he was about thirteen years old, Defoe's mother had died
وعندما بغل الثالثة عشره ماتت امه.

His parents were Presbyteriandissenters; he was educated in a dissenting academy at Newington Green run by Charles Morton and is believed to have attended the church there.

تاييس
المصدر: وكيبيديا

يتمها : يتيمة الأب والأم.
مجالها: قديسه.


هي قديسة مصرية ولدت في مدينة الأسكندريه في القرن الثالث كان مولدها. كانت مسيحيه لكنها كانت يتيمة الأب، ولم تكن أمها تسير بأستقامة قلب أمام الله، فأهملت تربيتها وتركتها دون أن تربيها بحب الكنيسه وسير الأباء فأرتوت من العالم وسيرة الناس الأردياء، وقد تأثرت بخلاعة أمها وهكذا أصبحت تاييس ضحية التصرفات السيئه من جانب امها ولما رأت أم تاييس أن بنتها جميلة المنظر ولم يكن لديها الغيرة على حياة ابنتها وطهارتها فد ساعدتها أن تلتحق بعمل في أحد الأسواق وكنت الفتاه لها مزايا عديده في هذا المجال فكانت لبقة الحديث فضلاً عن جمالها وطول قامتها.

أكتافيو باز

يتمه: مات أبوه وهو صغير في حادث قطار وربته أمه وعمته.
مجاله: أديب كبير من المكسيك__حاصل على جائزة نوبل.

(31 مارس1914 - 19 أبريل1998)، أديب مكسيكي. ولد في مدينة مكسيكو. حصل على جائزة نوبل في الأدب لسنة 1990 ليكون بذلك أول شاعر وأديب مكسيكي يفوز بهذه الجائزة. عرف بمعارضته الشديدة للفاشية، وعمل كدبلوماسي لبلاده في عدة دول. تشعب نشاطه في عدة مجالات، فإلى جانب كونه شاعراً فقد كتب أيضاً العديد من الدراسات النقدية والتاريخية والمقالات السياسية.

ولد أكتافيو باز عام 1914 في إحدى ضواحي مدينة مكسيكو العاصمة لأب مكسيكي وأم من جنوب إسبانيا. كان والده محامياً وسياسياً مؤيداً لثورة زاباتا التي اندلعت سنة 1910، ولكنه كان مدمناً للخمر ولقي حتفه في حادث قطار. أما أمه فكانت منذ طفولته تحثه على الدراسة، وفيما بعد على كتابة الشعر وتشجعه على تحقيق طموحاته الأدبية رغم أنها كانت أمية.

التحق باز بالسلك الدبلوماسي عام 1945 وعمل به لمدة 23 عاماً، وعين سفيراً لبلاده في كل من فرنسا وسويسرا والهند واليابان، وكانت له صلات وثيقة بأقطاب الحياة الثقافية في كل البلدان التي عمل بها.
إلا أن باز استقال من السلك الدبلوماسي سنة 1968 احتجاجاً على سياسة حكومته تجاه الطلبة عندما قامت السلطات في المكسيك باستخدام العنف في قمع مظاهرات الطلبة مما أدى إلى مصرع حوالي ثلاثمائة طالب. ومنذ ذلك الوقت تفرغ باز للعمل في الصحافة.

شملت كتابات أكتافيو باز الشعر والفن والدين والتاريخ والسياسة والنقد الأدبي، ونشرت له خمسة دواوين شعرية صدر أولها سنة 1949 وآخرها سنة 1987.
ومن أهم أعماله التي كرتها الأكاديمية السويدية عندما منح جائزة نوبل كتاب "متاهة العزلة" El laberinto de la soledad الذي صدر سنة 1961 وحاول فيه باز أن يتحرى عن شخصية الإنسان المكسيكي ويسبر أغوارها، ومن أشهر أعماله أيضاص "حرية تحت كلمة"، وفيه برزت القضايا التي سيطرت على فكره فيما بعد وهي الحب والزمن والوحدة، وذلك بالإضافة إلى عدد من الأهمال المهمة مثل "فصل من العنف" و"فلامنورا".

ذكرت الأكاديمية السويدية أن أكتافيو باز فاز بجائزة نوبل لا لعمل معين من أعماله الأدبية، ولكن تكريماً لمجمل كتاباته الشعرية والنثرية المتقدة بالعاطفة، والتي تتسم بآفاق ثقافية واسعة وتتميز بذكاء وطاقة إنسانية وقّادة.

Comte de Lautréamont was the pseudonym of Isidore Lucien Ducasse (4 April 1846 – 24 November 1870), an Uruguayan-born French poet.
His only works, Les Chants de Maldoror and Poésies, had a major influence on modern literature, particularly on the Surrealists and the Situationists. He died at age 24.

Ducasse was born in Montevideo, Uruguay, to François Ducasse, a French consular officer and his wife, Jacquette-Célestine Davezac. Very little is known about Isidore's childhood, except that he was baptized on 16 November 1847, in the cathedral of Montevideo and that his mother died soon afterwards, probably due to an epidemic. During 1851, as a five-year-old, he experienced the end of the eight-year siege of Montevideo in the Argentine-Uruguayan war. Ducasse was brought up to speak three languages: French, Spanish and English.

Arthur Cheney Train (6 September 1875 – 22 December 1945) was an Americanlawyer and legal thrillerwriter, particularly known for his novels of courtroom intrigue and the creation of the fictional lawyer Mr Ephraim Tutt.

Train was born in Boston, Massachusetts. His father was lawyer Charles Russell Train, who served for many years as attorney general of Massachusetts, and his mother was Sara Maria Cheney. Train graduated with a BA from Harvard University in 1896 and LLB from Harvard Law School in 1899.[1]
In 1897, Train married Ethel Kissam. They had four children. Ethel died in 1923 and Train married Helen Coster Gerard, with whom he had one child, John Train.

His father Charles Russell Train died( July 28, 1885) was a U.S. Representative from Massachusetts. He died while on a visit in Conway, New Hampshire, July 28, 1885. He was interred in Edgell Grove Cemetery, Framingham, Massachusetts

جيمس دالتون

يتمه: يتم الاب والام.
مجاله: زعيم عصابة...من اكبر المجرمين في العالم.

James Dalton (died 11 May 1730) was "captain" of a street robbery gang in 18th century London.
His father, also James Dalton, was Irish and fought as a sergeant in the British Army in Flanders. He was convicted of street robbery on 3 March 1720 and was sentenced to transportation. On being found in London in 1721, reputedly informed upon by the self-appointed Thief-taker General, Jonathan Wild, the elder Dalton was hanged.
His mother re-married a butcher, but both were convicted and sentenced to transportation. By then, the younger Dalton had already begun his criminal career. James Dalton got into the company of thieves as a youngster, picking pockets, breaking shops, and robbing people on the street, in the Smithfield and Old Bailey area.
It is reported that he went on two trips to Bristol, to practice his calling there; and he was convicted and transported (but persuaded the crew to mutiny near Cape Finisterre), was pressed into HMS Hampshire, and was a spectator of the siege of Gibraltar in 1727, and thence returned to London, although this account may be somewhat fanciful.

James Dalton (Born in 1834 in Limerick, Ireland) was a wealthy merchant and pastoralist that lived during the 19th and 20th centuries in Orange, New South Wales, Australia.[1] He was the patriarch of the wealthy Irish Australian Dalton Family.
James was the youngest of three children, the eldest, his brother, was Thomas Dalton and then his sister, Margaret Dalton, who both eventually moved to Australia.[2]
James Dalton was born in 1834 in Duntryleague, Limerick, Ireland as the second son of James Dalton and his first wife Eleanor Dalton (née Ryan). He lived in Duntryleague, Limerick, for the first 13 years of his life while his father had been shipped to the Colony of New South Wales for kidnapping a widower, Catherine Sheehan, and imprisoning her for a week in Northern Ireland with several other men, one being his brother-in-law, Daniel Ryan, in November 1833. James Dalton's father was tried on the 14 March 1835, and was at first sentenced to death on the 8 April of that year, which was shortly after changed to transportation.[2] He was transported to New South Wales on the convictship, the Hive on its second voyage to Australia, in 1835, while James Dalton Junior was less than a year old. When James' father got to Australia, The Hive was wrecked near Jervis Bay with one fatality as it was coming along the coast. His father arrived in Sydney on Christmas Eve of the year of 1835 after the New South Wales Government sent a ship to help salvage the prisoners, soldiers and money the ship was carrying. [3] [4]
His mother died some time while his father was in New South Wales, and he was left alone while his older brother, Thomas, and sister, Margaret, were in North America. In 1842-43, his father had been let out of Bathurst Jail in New South Wales with a ticket of freedom to do as he pleased, including to move back to Ireland, but he chose to stay in Australia, so he did, and moved to Fredericks Valley, a small mining settlement near Lucknow. In 1847 James' father petitioned for his family to be shipped to New South Wales, so James being the only one in Ireland, he was shipped aboard the Panama, alone, to the colony

Aldous Leonard Huxley (26 July 1894 – 22 November 1963) was an English writer and one of the most prominent members of the famous Huxley family. Best known for his novels including Brave New World and a wide-ranging output of essays, Huxley also edited the magazine Oxford Poetry, and published short stories, poetry, travel writing, and film stories and scripts. Huxley spent the later part of his life in the United States, living in Los Angeles from 1937 until his death.
Aldous Huxley was a humanist and pacifist, and he was latterly interested in spiritual subjects such as parapsychology and philosophical mysticism. He is also well known for advocating and taking psychedelics.
By the end of his life Huxley was considered, in some academic circles, a leader of modern thought and an intellectual of the highest rank, and highly regarded as one of the most prominent explorers of visual communication and sight-related theories as well.
Godalming, Surrey, UK, in 1894. He was the third son of the writer and schoolmaster Leonard Huxley and his first wife, Julia Arnold, who founded Prior's Field School. Julia was the niece of poet and critic Matthew Arnold and the sister of Mrs. Humphrey Ward. Aldous was the grandson of Thomas Henry Huxley, the zoologist, agnostic and controversialist ("Darwin's Bulldog"). His brother Julian Huxley and half-brother Andrew Huxley also became outstanding biologists. Aldous had another brother, Noel Trevelyan (1891–1914), who committed suicide after a period of clinical depression.[3]
Huxley began his learning in his father's well-equipped botanical laboratory, then continued in a school named Hillside. His teacher was his mother who supervised him for several years until she became terminally ill. After Hillside, he was educated at Eton College. Huxley's mother died in 1908 when he was 14. In 1911, he suffered an illness (keratitis punctata) which "left [him] practically blind for two to three years". Aldous's near-blindness disqualified him from service in the First World War. Once his eyesight recovered sufficiently, he was able to study English literature at Balliol College, Oxford. In 1916 he edited Oxford Poetry and later graduated with first class honours. His brother Julian wrote,
I believe his blindness was a blessing in disguise. For one thing, it put paid to his idea of taking up medicine as a career... His uniqueness lay in his universalism. He was able to take all knowledge for his province.
Following his education at Balliol, Huxley was financially indebted to his father and had to earn a living. He taught French for a year at Eton, where Eric Blair (later to become George Orwell) and Stephen Runciman were among his pupils, but was remembered as an incompetent and hopeless teacher who couldn’t keep discipline. Nevertheless, Blair and others were impressed by his use of words.[6] For a short while in 1918, he was employed acquiring provisions at the Air Ministry.
Significantly, Huxley also worked for a time in the 1920s at the technologically-advanced Brunner and Mond chemical plant in Billingham, Teesside, and the most recent introduction to his famous science fiction novel Brave New World (1932) states that this experience of "an ordered universe in a world of planless incoherence" was one source for the novel

Muhammad Din Tahir (1942–2008) known as M.D. Tahir was born in 1942 in a gujjar family in the small village Takoli, in the district of Ambala. His mother died a few months after his family's migration to Sargodha in Pakistan in 1947. His father also died when he was only 7-years-old, leaving Tahir and his sister Hashmat as orphans. After the death of their parents, neither orphans had any means of earning money. He started studying under the street lights and sold milk and ice which was useful to earn a little money. Under these circumstances, Tahir continued his study and graduated from Zamindara College in Gujrat, Punjab, and thereafter attempted for LLB, the law degree in which he succeeded and became a lawyer after passing the LLB exams from Punjab University. He started his practice as a lawyer in 1972 and soon became a prominent lawyer in Pakistan. He was appointed special commissioner to record the statement of the Chief Martial Law Administrator of Pakistan, Yahya Khan, after the end of his regime.

Mr. Tahir was the first Pakistani lawyer who moved countless writ petitions in the Lahore High Court Lahore as well as in the Supreme Court of Pakistan for sake of poor people rights. He also moved submissions to the International Court of Justice against cruelties of the war in Iraq, Palestine, Kashmir, and around the world. He died on 20 April 2008 of cardiac arrest on Sunday night at the age of 65 in Lahore and buried in the side area of a mosque for which he trusted his land and funded that mosque to be built

دييغو دي ألماغرو

بتمه: مات أبوه وهو صغير.
مجاله : فيلسوف فرنسي.

سافر إلى الجزائر سنة 1893 واكتشف هويته المثلية عن طريق علاقات جنسية مع مراهقين جزائريين. وأثناء رحلة ثانية إلى الجزائر تعرف على أوسكار وايلد واقتنع نهائيا بأنه ينبغي أن يعيش "حسب طبيعته".
بيد أن جيد يظلّ بعد ذلك يفرّق بين اللذة والحبّ إذ تزوج قربية له في عام 1895.

أغرته الشيوعية مدّة إلا أن رحلته إلى الاتحاد السوفياتي سنة 1936 أقنعته بلا إنسانية النظام الستاليني.
جائزة نوبل</SPAN>

Fernando Pessoa, born Fernando Ant&oacute;nio Nogueira de Seabra Pessoa (June 13, 1888, Lisbon – November 30, 1935, Lisbon), was a Portuguese poet, writer, literary critic and translator described as one of the most significant literary figures of the 20th century and one of the greatest poets in the Portuguese language.

On 13 July 1893, when Pessoa was five, his father, Joaquim de Seabra Pessôa, died of tuberculosis. The following year, on 2 January, his younger brother Jorge, aged only one, also died. His mother, Maria Madalena Pinheiro Nogueira, married again in December 1895. In the beginning of 1896, he moved with his mother to Durban, capital of the former British Colony of Natal, where his stepfather Jo&atilde;o Miguel dos Santos Rosa, a military officer, had been appointed Portuguese consul.

ليتا كابيلوت

يتمها : يتيمة الاب والام وتربت في بيت الايتام.
مجالها: فنانة وشاعرة.

الفنانة والشاعرة ليتا كابيلوت التي عاشت حياة اليتم والتشرد في طفولتها، أقامتمعارض عديدة، عن أطفال الشوارع والغجريات والمغنين الغجر، وكان معرضها «اللؤلؤةالسوداء» في لندن تحية إلى الفنانة المكسيكية فريدا كالو.

من قلبمدينة برشلونة المستلقية على ساحل البحر الأبيض المتوسط، ومن بين حاراتها الفقيرة،خرجت الإسبانية ليتا كابيلوت إلى العالم فنانة لا تتوقف ألوانها عن النبض. كما أنهالا تتوقف عن سبر المستتر في الحياة والنفس، متتبعة أثر الحياة في كتاب التعبيرالإنساني.

في شوارع مدينتها الأولى، كانت ليتا طفلة مشردة، عرفت اليتممبكراً، وعاشت تفاصيله المؤلمة على الصعيدين الجسدي والنفسي. غابت صورة الأم، كمالم تظهر صورة الأب، وحضرت صورة الجدة التي حاولت تعويض غياب الصورتين معاً، بأنأصبحت بؤرة الحب والحنان والدفء الوحيدة في الأرض، في مواجهة عالم يكتنفه الغيابوالعتمة والأوجاع والحرمان والتشرد. لكن الموت لا يتوقف أيضاً، ولا يتأنى ولايتردد، فبينما ليتا كانت في الثامنة من عمرها، اقترب الموت من جدتها واختطفها،لتكتمل بذلك ثلاثية الغياب، وليتكثف الإحساس باليتم والوحدة والتشرد، وتتراكمالخسارات الكبيرة في روح طفلة كانت تتهجى أبجدية الحياة.

كانت شوارع برشلونةفضاء للطفلة ليتا ولأصدقائها الأطفال، رفاق التشرد والحرمان والتراجيديا التيتتواصل يومياً في المدينة، كما في مدن وقرى أخرى في العالم. وكان عازفو الشوارع فيبرشلونة، والألوان والعتمة والركض واللهاث والمطر والشمس والبرد والثياب الممزقةوتكور الأجساد الصغيرة في ظلال الشجر والألم، بمثابة خطوط التراجيديا التي حفرتعميقاً في روح ليتا التي كانت فرداً في عائلة اليتامى العالمية، كما هي عضو فيعائلة المشردين.

وبعدما دخلت ليتا بيت الأيتام، أحدثت الزيارة الأولى لهامتحف برادو في العاصمة الإسبانية مدريد نقطة تحول كبرى في حياتها، خصوصاً عندماوقفت الطفلة ليتا، آنذاك، أمام لوحات لأساتذة الفن التشكيلي، أمثال رامبراندت وروبنز وغويا وريبيرا وغيرهم،إذ يضم المتحف العريق ما يزيد عن 3000 لوحة زيتية، علاوة على المنحوتات. وفي المتحفسحرت الألوان الطفلة ليتا، وربما تحدثت معها. وقفت ليتا تتأمل في تلك الأعمالالفنية، وفي تلك اللحظة أخبرها حدسها بأنها ستغدو فنانة عالمية تعرض أعمالها مثلهؤلاء الفنانين، في متاحف وصالات العرض حول العالم.
زيارة متحف برادو كانت علامةفارقة ، إذ تجلى الحدس، وانفتح الأفق على أبجدية لونية جديدة بدأت ليتا تهجئتهاحرفاً حرفاً. وبدأت تتلمس طريقها التعبيري من خلال الفن، فأقامت معرضها الأول فيمدينتها برشلونة، شاهدة اليتم والتشرد، وهي في السابعة عشرة من عمرها. لتنطلق بعدذلك إلى هولندا، كما لو أن روح رامبراندت التي كانت تطوف في متحف برادو حول تلكالطفلة الغجرية قادتها إلى بلاده.

ليتا كابيلوت وجدت في الفن التشكيليعالمها المكتمل، وجدت روحها، وشاهدت صوتها في مرايا البئر العميقة، حيث يتجلى الفن،لتكتشف طبقات المعنى في أبجدية اللون، حتى إنها كرست حياتها للفن، وهي التي تؤكددائما أنها «تزوجت الفن» أولاً.

ليتا ذات الجذور العربية، تؤكد في حياتهاومسيرتها الفنية أنها «ابنة كوكب الأرض»، ظلت مخلصة لأطفال الشوارع المشردينواليتامى والمعذبين، وظلت وفيّة للغجر الذين يواصلون صعود جبال الحياة، ويقيمون فيتلك الأعالي احتفالية الحياة، يغنون ويرقصون بثيابهم المزركشة، على الرغم من الألمالذي يتقطر مثل ندى في زهرة أرواحهم الحرة.

رسمت ليتا أطفال الشوارع، وظلتتقرع الجرس، منبهة إلى «جرح الإنسانية» الذي لم يتوقف عن النشيد والنزيف في كل بقاعالكوكب. وفي كل أعمالها الإبداعية، سواء في لوحاتها أو منحوتاتها وقصائدها وكذلكأفلامها، بقيت الإنسانية كلمتها السرية والعلنية، و«صوتها الحركي»، وصورتها الأولى، من مشرّديشوارع برشلونة إلى الغجر والمنسيين على هامش الحياة، وعلى أرصفة الموت والألم، إلىأثر الجحيم الشخصي في روح الفنانة المكسيكية فريدا كالو، إلى الفنانين الغجر الذينرسمت وجوههم التي تتدفق منها الموسيقا.

ليتا تحفر عميقاً في المعنى. ليتاترسم الصرخة الخفية. ليتا تفتح الألوان على نشيد يقطر دموعاً. ليتا تفتح شرفةالمعنى على ألم الإنسان وعزلته وكوارثه الباطنية والحياتية، حيث الألم ينطق في عتمةالنفس البشرية. ولا تتوقف روح الفنانة والشاعرة ليتا عن الغوص في كهوف النفس،محاولة رصد الغامض وتفكيك شيفرة المتواري والخفي والمستتر. لذلك تتهيأ ليتا الآنلدخول عالم غريب وملتبس وغامض، يتمثل في رصد وكشف وقراءة عالم الإنسان المصاببالشيزوفرينيا، وكيفية تعاطيه مع الحياة والوجود.

وفي هذه التجربة الجديدةالتي تخطط لها ليتا، تتعاون مع عالم النفس، تيم كرو، الأستاذ في جامعة أكسفوردليطلعها على تفاصيل في حياة الفصامي. وكان كرو توصل إلى نظرية جديدة مثيرة للجدلتقول إن «القدرة على الكلام واللغة لدى الإنسان نتجت عن تغير طارئ لأحد «الموثات» في مخ شخص واحد عاش قبل عشرات الآلاف من السنين». كما يعتقد الدكتور كرو أن «التغيرالجيني» جعل الإنسان معرّضاً للإصابة بأمراض عقلية، من بينها الانفصاموالكآبة.

وعلى الرغم من أن عالم المصاب بالفصام العقلي شائك وغامض ومعقد،إلا أن الفنانة ليتا كابيلوت لا تتردد في سبر هذه المنطقة في عقل الإنسان وسلوكهوما يتصف به من انطوائية وعزلة وتهيؤات في الأشكال والأصوات التي تكشف انفصالالفصامي عن الحياة الواقعية.

بقلم - علي العامري

جون تشرش
يتمه : يتم الاب والام وقد عثر عليه في الشارع امام احد الكنائس
مجاله: رجل دين

John Church (1780 – c. 1835) was an Independent clergyman most famous for his involvement in the homosexual scandal of the Vere Street Coterie. He is often claimed as the first openly gay ordained Christian minister in England. Contemporary rumours about this are unproveable one way or the other, though circumstantial evidence seems to suggest that his "inordinate affections which led me into error"[1] can be equated with homosexual inclinations.

A foundling discovered as a toddler barely able to walk on the steps of St John's Church Clerkenwell (hence his name) or St Andrew's Church Holborn, his parents are unknown. He was sent to the Foundling Hospital and spent his first six years in the care of a woman at Hadlow, near Tonbridge, Kent, before returning to the hospital. There he remained, receiving a rudimentary education, including how to read but not how to write, until he was indentured at 10 to a carver and gilder in Great Portland Street. This was broken off after only eight years due to a quarrel with the master but, though he complained of poverty during this time, he managed some self-education and acquired a small personal library.

بيتر فرانسس

يتمه: يتم الاب والام عثر عليه وحيدا في احد المواني وهو لا يتحدث الانجليزية وعمره حينها كام 5 سنوات.
مجاله: جندي امريكي.

Peter Francisco (c. 1760 – January 16, 1831), known variously as
the "Virginia Giant" or the "Giant of the Revolution" (and occasionally as the "Virginia Hercules"), was an American patriot and soldier in the American Revolutionary War. The cover page of a 2006 issue of Military History suggested he may have been the greatest soldier in American history. General George Washington once said that Francisco's prowess directly enabled American victories in two battles, and said the war might have been lost without his participation

Francisco's origins are shrouded in mystery. It is believed he was born on July 9, 1760 at Porto Judeu on the island of Terceira, in the Azores. According to the traditional version of his biography,[1] he was found at about age five on the docks at City Point, Virginia, in 1765. Peter was taken to the Prince George County Poorhouse. Not speaking English, he repeated the name "Pedro Francisco". The locals called him Peter. The locals discovered the boy spoke Portuguese and noted his clothing was of good quality.
When able to communicate, Pedro said that he had lived in a mansion near the ocean. His mother spoke French and his father spoke another language which he did not know. He and his sister were kidnapped from the grounds, but his sister escaped, while Francisco was bound and taken to a ship. Historians believe it is possible that the kidnappers intended to hold the children for ransom or that they always intended to sell them as indentured servants at their destination port in North America, but changed their minds. The Azorean legend says the Francisco family had many political enemies and set up Peter's abduction to protect him from accident or death by his parents' foes.
Peter was soon taken in by the judge Anthony Winston of Buckingham County, Virginia, an uncle of Patrick Henry. Francisco lived with Winston and his family until the beginning of the American Revolution and was tutored by them. When he was old enough to work, he was apprenticed as a blacksmith, a profession chosen because of his massive size and strength (he grew to be well over six feet six inches tall, or 198 centimeters, and weigh some 260 pounds, or 118 kilograms, especially large at the time). Francisco became part of the movement for American independence; he attended Patrick Henry's famous "Liberty or Death" speech outside St. John's Church in Richmond.

دورثي اليسون

يتمها: غير معروفة الأب. ولدت لام عزباء وتعرضت لمآسي الاستغلال الجنسي من زوج أمها. كما أنها شاهدت أفراد عائلتها يموتون بسبب الفقر.
مجالها: كاتبة أمريكية مؤلفة رواية Bastard Out of Carolina

Dorothy Allison (born April 11, 1949) is an American writer, speaker, and member of the Fellowship of Southern Writers.
Dorothy E. Allison was born on April 11, 1949 in Greenville, South Carolina to Ruth Gibson Allison, who was fifteen at the time. Ruth was a poor and unmarried mother who worked as a waitress and cook. When Allison was five, her step dad began to sexually abuse her. It lasted for seven years (until age 11) and then she was able to tell a relative, who told Ruth, and it stopped. The family still would remain together. The physical abuse lasted for another five years, and she contracted gonorrhea from her stepfather. This went undiagnosed until Allison was in her 20's, making her unable to have children.
The family would move to central Florida to escape debt. Allison had witnessed her family members die because of the extreme poverty. Allison soon became the first person in her family to graduate high school. At age 18, she got out of the house and would soon attend college.

ااندال

يتمها: يتمة الأب والأم.
مجالها: قديسة - شاعرة.

Aandaal (Tamil: ஆண்டாள்) is an 8th century (or earlier) Tamil saint and one of the twelve Alvars (saints) and the only woman Alvar of Vaishnavism. She is credited with the great Tamil works of Thirupavai and Nachiar Tirumozhi that are still recited by devotees during the Winter festival season of Margazhi. Aandaal is known for her unwavering devotion to Lord Vishnu. The Srivilliputhoor Temple is dedicated to her and marks her birth place. Adopted by her father, the famous saint Periyalvar who found her as a baby, Aandaal avoided earthly marriage, the normal and expected path for women of her culture, to "marry" Lord Vishnu, both spiritually and physically. In many places in India, particularly in Tamilnadu, Aandaal is treated more than a saint and as a form of God herself.
Aandaal composed two works in her short life of fifteen years. Both these works are in Tamil verse form and are exceptional in their literary, philosophical, religious, and aesthetic content. Her contribution is even more remarkable considering that she was a girl of fifteen when she composed these verses and her prodigiousness amazes readers till date.
Her first work is the Thiruppavai, a collection of thirty verses in which Aandaal imagines herself to be a Gopi or cowherd girl during the incarnation of Lord Krishna. She yearns to serve Him and achieve happiness not just in this birth, but for all eternity, and describes the religious vows (pavai) that she and her fellow cowherd girls will observe for this purpose.

The second is the Nachiar Tirumozhi, a poem of 143 verses. Tirumozhi, literally meaning "Sacred Sayings", is a Tamil poetic style. "Nachiar" means Goddess, so the title means "Sacred Sayings of the Goddess." This poem fully reveals Aandaal's intense longing for Vishnu, the Divine Beloved. Utilizing classical Tamil poetic conventions and interspersing stories from the Sanskrit Vedas and Puranas, Aandaal creates imagery that is possibly unparalleled in the whole gamut of Indian religious literature. However, conservative Vaishnavite institutions do not encourage the propagation of Nachiar Tirumozhi as much as they encourage Tiruppavai. This is because Nachiar Tirumozhi is belongs to an erotic genre of spirituality that is similar to Jayadeva's Gita Govinda.
The impact of these works on the daily religious life of the South Indian has been tremendous. Just like the Ramayana and the Mahabharata, the Thiruppavai is recited with great religious fervor by women, men, and children of all ages, particularly in Tamil Nadu. The daily services in most Vaishnava temples and households include this recitation. Both of these works, particularly the Thiruppavai, has been studied extensively by innumerable scholars. It has also been translated into a number of languages over the centuries.

AVVAIYAR

In the first century AD, there lived a man called Bhagavan. Appropriate to the name, he led a life of devotion and faith. Though a brahmin by birth, he married an outcaste named Adi. It was unheard of in those days. In devotion, caste, religion, creed, race or gender do not matter. What matters is only devotion.

Shortly after Adi became pregnant, Bhagavan left her and became a sanyas. Adi, unable to bear the taunts of the villagers, took a vow before Lord Ganesha that she would abandon her child and follow in her husband's footsteps. Adi, in the course of time, gave birth to a beautiful girl. When she saw the newborn, she could not think of leaving her and satisfying the vow. She was in a dilemma, should she took after her child or satisfy the vow. She was such a person that she did not care about herself but only about her child and the vow.

When dharmic people are in trouble, there is always God to help. The child spoke in her dream, 'My dear mother, who brought me forth in this world ? Can He ever forsake me ? The Lord has brought me forth and He will take care of me. Don't think you are the doer. Go, mother, go, and be without fear. The Lord protects us all.' Man is bitten by the snake of ignorance and thinks himself as limited, ignorant, and suffers from the notion of 'I am the doer.' By surrendering the notion of an individuality due to wise words by sages, he concludes that all happenings are due to the Divine Will and he is a mere actor in the script written by the Divine.

After Adi left, a poet saw the baby lying on the roadside. The poet was a great bhakta of Lord Ganesha and being childless, had frequently prayed to Lord Ganesha for a child. A poet discovers a child who is destined to become the poet among poets. No home in Tamilnadu (India) forgets the child, Auvaiyar. Every child in Tamilnadu is the poem of alphabet, aattichuDi, written by her, as their first lesson.

We do not know what name the poet gave her. At the age of four, while frolicking with other children, she heard a poet tell her father that he was looking for two more lines in his song. Though a child, she sat down and saw the poets discuss various options. The first two lines were 'If you do a good deed, when will it give the result ?' but the poets, try as they may, could not come up with appropriate two more lines. After a lot of struggle, they decided to give up. Then the child spoke, 'Uncle, it is very simple.' Angered the poets mockingly said 'What does a four year old know ?'
We should not disrespect persons because of their age or any other criteria. Every
one knows a little and every idea is an insight. All inventions in this world has arose
from a single thought in someone's mind. We are all capable of greatness. The child
quickly said, 'Don't doubt whether it will give result. It is bound to result like the
water that you offer at the foot of a cocunut tree gives you the result through the
head.'

The poets gathered around were astonished. No, not just because the verse is beautiful and rhymed, but because the verse had several deep inner spiritual meanings. The verse elucidates the law of karma. What you sow, so shall you reap. When you offer water at the foot of a cocunut tree, it takes some time, but eventually, at the head of the tree, you will get the coconut. If you do a good deed, you will enjoy the consequences, whether it sooner or later. Similarly, one has to suffer for all bad deeds.

Even from a young age of three, she used to meditate on the mantra 'AUM vinaayaka siddhi vinaakaya.' Since her father was a big poet, she aspired to become a great poet too. Daily, early in the morning, she used to worship Lord Ganesha with four things: milk, honey, rice pudding (pasayam) and nuts. She used to pray 'I give you four things, please give me three (poetry, music and drama).' Devotion always starts on a bargaining system. I will give you this, if you give me that. Thus we bargain with the God. This is like a child saying to the mother, I will eat the vegetables, if you will allow me to play with MY toy. Actually, the mother knows she owns the toy, not the child but to please the child, she agrees. Such is the case of people. Everything is owned by God. Man possesses nothing, yet he bargains. Total surrender always starts from the simple bargaining. Any true devotee will eventually say, 'It is all divine will.' Until then, duality will persist and misery will follow.

Auvaiyar grew up to be a beautiful woman. Due to her devotion, she was extremely intelligent too. Naturally, lot of suitors asked her father for her hand in marriage. But auvaiyar had already surrendered her body and mind to the Lotus feet of vinayaka. How can lustful thoughts even enter her mind ? But, it is difficult to stand up to one's parents and say this.

Auvaiyar figured that her youth was the criteria which attracted people to her. Therefore, daily she used to sit before Ganesha and pray that she become an old woman. But her prayers were not answered. One day, in frustration, she decided to run away from home and kill herself. She prayed fervently and suddendly, there was a shower of flowers and she became an old woman with wrinkled skin and fading features.


In the age which youth is given so much importance and the beauty of the body is considered of prime importance, here was a woman who threw all that away. One can ask why God did not answer her prayers instantly. When one prays and when there is pure devotion, the willingness to be with God should be great. A man who is held under water for a long times thinks of only air and gasps for it. One should gasp and long for God as much as the person under water.

After this incident, her foster father understood that she was no ordinary child. Thus, the young woman who looked old became to called auvaiyar.

الكسندر هاملتون

يتمه: ابن غير شرعي ، الاب تخلى عن العائلة في الطفولة المبكرة، الام ماتت وعمره 13 سنة.
مجاله: قائد عظيم وضابط بالجيش الامريكي وسياسي ومحامي ووزير للمالية.

Alexander Hamilton (و.11 يناير1755 أو 1754—12 يوليو1804) كان ضابطاً بالجيش ومحامياً ومن الآباء المؤسسين للولايات المتحدة الأمريكية, سياسياً أمريكياً وأحد كبار رجال الدولة وممولاً ومنظراً سياسياً. وكأحد أوائل المحامين الدستوريين في أمريكا, فقد تزعم الدعوة إلى مؤتمر فيلادلفيا في 1787; وكان ثاني المؤلفَين الاثنين الرئيسيين للأوراق الفدرالية, والتي تعد أهم مصدر معاصر يـُعتد به في شرح مغزى دستور الولايات المتحدة.
اشتهر بغزارة علمه القانوني و كان ألكسندر هاملتون مناضلا شابا وطموحا، وقد خلق اقتصادا يمكن الناس الذين من شاكلته أن ينموا قدراتهم وينجحوا، ووظف الحكومة لرفع طاقات طبقة التجار لتوسيع دائرة مالكي العقار وتذويب الضغوط الموضوعة على التجارة وحرية الحركة. وهو من بين من قاموا بصياغة الدستور الأمريكي، عندما كتب في مقال له في مجلة "ذا فيدراليست" The Federalist في العدد رقم (78) للدفاع عن الدور الذي تلعبه السلطة القضائية في التنظيم الدستوري، قائلا "لن تعم الحرية في البلاد إلا بفصل السلطة القضائية عن السلطة التشريعية والسلطة التنفيذية ... فليس هناك خطراً على الحرية من السلطة القضائية وحدها، وإنما هناك خطر كبير سوف يهددها من جراء اتحاد هذه السلطة مع أي من السلطتين الأخريتين ." وتسمو وجهة نظر هاملتون على الاختلافات بين النظم القضائية للدول. لأنه لا يمكن أن تكفل الدولة للشعب فعليا وظاهريا الحرص على الالتزام بحكم القانون إلا باستقلال السلطة القضائية. وعلى حد قول الرئيس الأمريكي السابق "ودرو ويلسون" فإن الحكومة "إما أن تفي أو لا تفي بوعودها في المحاكم . ومن ثم، لا يعد النضال من أجل إرساء نظام حكم دستوري، بالنسبة للفرد، نضالاً من أجل وضع قوانين فعالة فحسب وإنما هو نضال من أجل إقامة محاكم مستقلة نزيهة لديها القدرة على الحكم السليم."

على فئة العشر دولارات، ترى الكسندر هاملتون ،أحد آباء أمريكيا ،كانت فضائحه الجنسية وولادته الغير شرعية ، وما نتج عنها من مشاكل ،أحد أهم الأسباب التي أدت الى خسارته في الأنتخابات الرئاسية ، لكنه أول وزير لمالية أمريكيا ،ومؤسس بنك أمريكيا وواضع انظمة البنوك التي تسير عليهاأمريكيا حتى يومنا هذا ،كما أنه أحد معدي الدستور الأمريكي وماسوني نوراني عريق، لكن حدثت ثمة خلافات حادة ما بينه وبين النورانيين يقال أن لمقتله ثمة علاقة في هذا الخلاف.ولد عام 1755 سفاحا لرجل أعمال أسكتلندي فاشل ،في حين كانت أمة مرتبطة بزواج آخر غير سعيد!ثم اهتم رجل آخر من نفس منطقته بتكاليف تعليمه ،ولم يستبعد بعض الباحثين أن هذا الرجل هو والده الحقيقي بسبب أهتمامه الأستثنائي به والتقارب ما بين سحنتيهما.التحق بمليشيات أمريكية وسرعان ما حقق مهارات عالية فيها، مما جعل جورج واشنطن يختاره كمساعد له في حرب الأستقلال .
تم تخليد هاملتون ، على أحد الطوابع الأمريكية عام 1981.عاش حياة مضطربة ومليئة بالفضائح ظلت ترافقه حتى موته، كان أكثرها تأثيرا عليه علاقته مع أمرأة تدعى ماري رينولدز،والتي نشرتها الصحف ب كامل تفاصيلها آنذاك،
خاصة وانه دفع أموالا من الخزينة الأمريكية تقدر بعشرة الآف دولار (مبلغ كبير بالنسبة لتلك الفترة) لزوج هذه المرأة والذي ظل يبتزه لفترة طويلة مقابل سكوته ،لكن الزوج في أحدى المرات ضبط هاملتون مع زوجته وقام بحجز ملابسهما لفترة ،وقدم الأدلة كاملة بتفاصيلها مع المبالغ التي دفعت له لخصوم هاملتون السياسيين.
كما أنكشفت له علاقة أخرى مع اخت زوجته ،ثم جاء مقتل أبنه في مبارزة ،وجنون أبنته في نفس الوقت، حتى جاء دوره هو ليقتل في المكان الذي قتل فيه أبنه وعلى يد خصمه السياسي ونائب الرئيس الأمريكي آنذاك آرون بر.

Alexander Hamilton was born in Charlestown, the capital of the island of Nevis, in the Leeward Islands; Nevis was then one of the British West Indies. His mother moved with the infant Hamilton to St. Croix in the Virgin Islands, then ruled by Denmark.

Hamilton was born out of wedlock to Rachel Faucett Lavien, of partial French Huguenot descent, and James A. Hamilton, the fourth son of Scottish laird Alexander Hamilton of Grange, Ayrshire.[8] It is not certain whether the year of Hamilton's birth was 1757 or 1755; most historical evidence after Hamilton's arrival in New England supports the idea that he was born in 1757, and as such, many historians had accepted this birth date. Hamilton's early life in the Caribbean was recorded in documents first published in Danish in 1930; this evidence has caused recent historians to opt for a birth year of 1755.[9] Hamilton listed his birth year as 1757 when he first arrived in the Thirteen Colonies. He celebrated his birthday on January 11. In later life, he tended to give his age only in round figures.
Probate papers from St. Croix in 1768, after the death of Hamilton's mother, list him as then 13 years old,[10] a date that would support a birth year of 1755. There are several explanations for the different birth years: If 1755 is correct, Hamilton may have been trying to appear younger than his college classmates, or perhaps wished to avoid standing out as older; on the other hand, if 1757 is correct, the probate document indicating a birth year of 1755 may have been in error, or Hamilton may have been attempting to pass as 13, in order to be more employable after his mother's death.[11]




Hamilton's mother had been married previously to Johann Michael Lavien of St. Croix, a much older German Jewish merchant planter. TO escape this unhappy marriage, Rachel left her husband and first son, traveling to St. Kitts in 1750, where she met James Hamilton. Hamilton and Rachel moved together to Rachel's birthplace, Nevis, where she had inherited property from her father. Their two sons were James, Jr., and Alexander. Because Alexander Hamilton's parents were not legally married, the Church of England denied him membership and education in the church school. Instead, Hamilton received "individual tutoring" and classes in a private Jewish school.] Hamilton supplemented his education with a family library of thirty-four books, including Greek and Roman classics.
Hamilton's father James abandoned Rachel and their two sons, allegedly to "spar[e] [Rachel] a charge of bigamy . . . [after finding out that her first husband] intend[ed] to divorce her under Danish law on grounds of adultery and desertion."[ Rachel supported her family in St. Croix by keeping a small store in Christiansted. She contracted a severe fever and died on February 19, 1768, 1:02 am, leaving Hamilton effectively orphaned. This may have had severe emotional consequences for him, even by the standards of an eighteenth-century childhood.] In probate court, Rachel's "first husband seized her estate"] and obtained the few valuables Rachel had owned, including some household silver. Many items were auctioned off, but a friend purchased the family books and returned them to the young Hamilton.[

ادورد لانجورثي

يتمه: لا يعرف شي عن اصله تربى في ملجأ.
مجاله:من القادة المؤسسين في الولايات المنحدة

Edward Langworthy (1738-1802) was an American teacher who was a delegate to the Continental Congress from Georgia. He signed the Articles of Confederation.

Edward was born in Savannah, Georgia in 1738. We know nothing of his ancestors since he was a foundling. He was raised in the Bethesda Orphan House at Savannah, and educated in the school there. He later taught in that same school. Since he was born only five years after James Oglethorpe shipped the first colonists to Georgia, it is likely that his parents were included with those recruited from debtor prisons or poorhouses.

Langworthy began working with Georgia's Committee of Safety, and was their secretary when they became a revolutionary Council of Safety on December 11, 1775. The Georgia assembly sent him to the Continental Congress in 1777, and he arrived just in time to sign the Articles of Confederation. He served in the Congress until 1779.

Edward moved to Baltimore, Maryland in 1785. He married a young lady named Wright, and the couple had four children. He also bought a part interest in a newspaper The Maryland Journal & Baltimore Advertiser and became its editor. In 1787 he sold his interest, and became an instructor at the Baltimore Academy.

In 1795 Langworthy was made the clerk of customs for Baltimore, a post he held until his death. He died of Yellow fever on November 2, 1802 and was buried at the Old Episcopal Church. (The church was torn down in 1891, and details of any re-interment are unknown.)